Cultivation Techniques, Field Management and Pest Control of Alfalfa

1. Cultivation techniques
1.1 sowing. The seeds of alfalfa are small, fine soil preparation is required before sowing, and the soil moisture content is maintained. In the poor soil, appropriate amount of manure and phosphate fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer. It can be sown all year round. Drilling is generally used, with a row spacing of 30--40 cm, a sowing depth of 1- 2 cm and a seeding rate of 1-1.5 kg per acre.
1.2 Management. Seedling growth is slow, vulnerable to weeds, weeding should be timely. In the early spring before returning to green or after the previous cutting, cultivating loose soil, dry season and watering after cutting is very beneficial to increase the amount of grass production.
1.3 Harvesting. Each year can be castrated 3- or 4 times, and the average yield of hay is 1000--2000kg. The high yield can reach 4000kg or more. Usually 4-5kg of fresh grass will produce 1kg of dried hay, and the drying hay should be in 10% of the plants. When cut, it is advisable to keep the height at about 5 cm.
2. Field management Field management of earthworms is to produce high-quality, high-quality pasture. Judging from the sales price of wolfberry, if there are any unqualified indexes in the quality of pasture, the income will be 50--100 yuan/ton less. Therefore, field management is an important part of improving the yield and quality of alfalfa.
2.1 Irrigated irrigation can increase production by 3- to 10-fold.
2.1.1 Irrigation. The stems and leaves are luxuriant, the evapotranspiration area is large, and the amount of water required is more than that of general crops. Generally, the annual irrigation volume is about 250 cubic meters per mu, and the amount of water is 80 cubic meters at a time. The amount of water used for earthworms is 50% - 60% of the saturated soil water content, and the growth of earthworms is most suitable.
2.1.2 Irrigation times and times. Before returning green, pour 1 time to return to Qingshui. Water can be watered once from the bud to the flowering time. In addition, irrigation must be performed after each castration (this is especially important on saline-alkali soil). During the growing period, it should not be ground irrigation, because the alfalfa is afraid of stagnant water, if any water will cause rot.
2.2 Prevention of Weeds Perennial creepers grow very slowly in early stages and are vulnerable to weeds. Artificial control of weeds is labor-intensive, and the effect is not ideal. Currently, weeding is mainly performed through chemical methods.
2.2.1 Weed species. There are many weeds that are harmful to the growth of perennial grasshoppers. Some weeds have a certain range of endangering forages, while cocoon wire has serious damage to alfalfa and should be controlled.
2.2.2 Chemical control. Chemical herbicides are divided into two categories according to their effects. One is selective herbicides and the other is herbicides. Selective herbicides only kill grass without damaging pastures and crops, such as 2.4-D, simazin, oxyfluorfen, etc.; phytotoxic herbicides do not differentiate, but they are all contact, such as diuron, five. Chlorophenol sodium, licorice phosphate and so on. Only after 20--30 days of herbicide spraying can grazing or mowing be done to avoid poisoning accidents.
3. Diseases and Insect Pests Control Grasslands will cause a large area of ​​production loss due to diseases, insect pests, and rat damage, and the quality of grasses will decline. Seriously affect the normal growth of pasture.
3.1 The main diseases of pasture and its control. The main diseases are rust, downy mildew, brown spot, and powdery mildew. After occurrence of rust in alfalfa, photosynthetic activity decreased, and respiratory intensity increased. The surface of the epidermis ruptured, the water transpiration intensity increased, and wilting occurred when dry and hot. Rust disease caused the pods to retreat green, shrink and defoliate ahead of time, and severe. 60% reduction in production; plants infected with rust rust contain toxins that not only affect palatability, but also lead to poisoning after consumption by livestock and poultry. Mancozeb 0.20 kg/hectare can be used, oxidizing rust rust and chlorothalonil mixture 0.40 and 0.80 kg/hectare, and 15% triadimefon 1000 times spray, all can prevent rust rust.
3.2 The main pests of pasture and its control. The main pests of alfalfa are leafhoppers, aphids, wheat fly, armyworm, and aphids. The leafhoppers generally occur one or two generations a year. The first generation of larvae occurs from late May to early June and the insect period is 15-28 days. The insects mainly damage the flower base and leaves, but only the veins are serious. , like a network. Can use 50% diazinon agricultural 150-200 grams per acre, 80% carbaryl wettable powder 100 grams per acre for drug control. Aphids generally occur in more than 20 generations a year. They often accumulate in the tender stems, young shoots, the top heart and leaves, and flower organs. They suck sap with a sucker. The damaged pasture is short of nutrition, the plants are short, and the leaves curl. Yellow, severe plant death. For aphids 50% malathion EC, 30% CASA EC, 25% iminophos 1000 times, 40% Dimethoate 1000--1500 times for chemical control (Note: Use of chemical drugs After the prevention and cure, no grazing or grazing can be conducted within half a month.
4. Economic value Alfalfa is famous for the king of pasture. It not only produces high grass yield, but also has excellent grass quality. It is also rich in crude protein, vitamins and inorganic salts. The amino acid composition in the protein is complete, and animal essential amino acid content is abundant. The crude protein content in dry matter is 18.80%, which is close to half that of bean cake and about 1 times higher than that of corn. It has good palatability and can be fed on green, silage or dried hay. The young quail feeds pigs, poultry, rabbits, and herbivorous fish and is a supplement to protein and vitamins. Apart from containing various nutrients for livestock and poultry, it also contains unknown growth factors (this has been a topic of interest to the scientific community for many years). Strong root system is a good soil and water conservation plant. Long root nodules on the root can fix nitrogen in the air. Besides satisfying its own nitrogen requirement, it can also increase nitrogen in the soil. Therefore, it is also a good green manure plant. Indigo hay can be used for animal feeding for a long period of time. High quality alfalfa hay retains green and blue color, aromatic smell, soft texture, leaves do not fall off, and palatability is good.

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