Begonia pond high-yielding aquaculture technology

1 pond condition

Select ponds near the sea, with convenient drainage and drainage, and fresh water sources, and carry out renovations, siltation, and slopes. The slope ratio is generally more than 1:3. The pond area is not limited, and the average single pond is above 1.2ha, or imitate the natural ecology. In the later period of cultivation, the depth of the pool water should be more than 1.8m.

2 culture environment

The jellyfish have strict requirements on the breeding environment. The survival temperature is 8-35°C, the optimum growth temperature is 15°C-28°C, the survival salinity is 10‰-32‰, and the optimal growth degree is 15-30‰; pH Values ​​are weakly alkaline, typically between 7.6-8.5.

3 Preparation before laying seedlings

3. 1 Clearance pond water needs to be sterilized and cleaned of ponds one month prior to planting, and remove natural enemies and disease factors that impede the growth of sea otters. Generally, quicklime 1125-1500kg/ha or bleaching powder (30-50) 10-6 is appropriate. . The effect of fertilizer and water is to ensure that the basic biological feed that is propagated in the water body after the sea otters are released can meet their feeding needs. The water is too thin and too clear to affect the growth of sea otters. Fertilizer mainly fermented human or animal manure or compound fertilizer, available nitrogen and phosphorus ratio of 10:1 nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer as a supplementary fertilizer. Commonly used fertilizers are urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia, calcium superphosphate, etc., the amount of which depends on the color adjustment, the transparency of 30-40cm is appropriate.

3.2 Set up nets The nets have a characteristic of drifting along the waves. When the winds meet the pool on the windward side, they are gathered together. If the pond is shallow, it is easy to be washed up to the edge of the pool and it is dead. Therefore, it should be used at a moderate depth. Set the mesh belt around the pool with the gauze or the big eye net that the seedlings are not easy to pass. The mesh belt can be inserted into the bamboo raft or wooden stick in the bottom of the pool, and the upper end is pierced with a plastic rope and the lower end is buried in the bottom of the pool to be fixed. The pitch is generally around 1.5m, and it is advisable to ensure that the mesh belt is firm and firm. Set the mesh belt to leave no dead ends or net pockets so that the sea trout does not restrict its activity and affect growth. In order to prevent intrusion by the enemy, it is necessary to set a number of square meters of nets around the entrance gate of the pond with a screen of 40-60 mesh. The net belts and net barriers should be brushed in time according to the situation, so as to avoid the poor flow caused by the sea otters attached to the net and die.

3.3 Measurement of physicochemical factors Due to the existence of physical and chemical factors, such as water temperature, pH value, D0, etc., in aquaculture water bodies and nursery water bodies, it is necessary to determine the period after the purchase of the seedling plant home and before the seedling development. The physicochemical factors index, the smaller the better to adjust the gap between two as possible, so as to avoid the difference between the two is too large and affect the survival rate of seedlings into the pool transition, or even cause the entire army to be annihilated.

4 seedlings

4. 1 Seedling handling treatment As far as the current situation is concerned, there are few successful farms for artificial breeding of sea lice. Therefore, aquaculture ponds are far from the home of nursery sites. Therefore, no matter what method is adopted during transport, the transport time must be within 12 hours. Transport bags should be oxygenated, protected from light, and cooled with ice. The oxygen content of the transport bag accounts for more than 60% of its volume, and the volume of bags used for the seedlings is 100-200 pieces/kg water. Between the transport bag and the foam box of the outer package, one to three ice packs should be added, and the joints of the lids should be sealed with tape to control the temperature.

4.2 seedlings choose to stocking seedlings specifications, generally more than 1.5cm umbrella diameter, strong vitality, full of force, health without injury, the color was purple, light red or golden yellow, should be removed once other colors are found.

4. 3 When the seedlings were released, the timing of seedlings in the Shandong coast was not earlier than May. In order to avoid direct sunlight in the morning, it is generally preferred to place it on a sunny morning and one night without wind or breeze. When laying seedlings, open the bag mouth and put it in the pool water for 10 to 20 minutes before slowly putting it in. It is best to choose more than 40cm depth of water to put more than one point, do not put down seedlings in the shallow area or the shallow pool area, so as not to immature seedlings, was washed into the pool along the way to death.

4.4 The number of seedlings released depends on pond area, water depth, water quality, and exchange conditions. For well-conditioned ponds that are convenient for changing water, they can be put in more places, or they should be placed less. The number of single-cultivation seedlings is generally controlled at 7500 to 15000/ha, and the amount of polyculture seedlings can be controlled at 1500 to 6000/ha.

5 Breeding management

5. 1 Water quality regulation In the initial stage of seedling aquaculture, it is necessary to maintain the overall consistency of the water quality. Generally, no water should be changed after the fertilizer and water, but the method of gradually adding water should be adopted to maintain the balance of the basic food. To be added to the maximum water level after the beginning of a small amount of water, each time the amount of water should be less than 20% of the total water. The ponds with better drainage and drainage conditions can be used once a day, so that they can be changed little by little, slowly, and should not be subject to large-scale irrigation, resulting in a short-term change in the water environment that will injure the seedlings, and should not be changed when the weather is abnormal. drain. During the normal cultivation period, the water quality adjustment will be determined by the increase or decrease depending on the growth of the sea lice, the change of the physical and chemical factors of water quality, and the change of the plankton in the water. Before changing the water, measure the temperature and salinity of new water and raw water, and do not make the difference too large. In particular, the salinity, its amplitude should be less than 8 ‰, the entire water body salinity should be maintained between 15 ‰ ~ 30 。. Adding freshwater to adjust salinity allows rapid growth of sea lice, but care must be taken to ensure uniform salinity without causing local salinity to be too low.

5.2 Feeding jellyfish staple food Plankton, such as copepods, Cladocera, small crustaceans and some organic debris, especially rotifers and Artemia. Therefore, in the case of good basic bait in the early stage of breeding, no feeding is generally required. However, the jellyfish have gluttonous characteristics, and stay up late to eat. Therefore, when the individuals in mid-aquaculture reach 1kg, Artemia eggs must be fed in time for hatching in original ponds to make up for insufficient feed. When the individual is as long as 2 to 3 kg in the later period, natural rotifers, Artemia, or Cladocera should be acquired or collected for live feeding. The number of feedings should be adjusted according to the number of carcass in the pond, the amount of plankton, and the growth of sea lice.

5.3 Routine management Routine management is one of the effective means to ensure the cultivation of sea otters. First, the pool should be patrolled on a regular basis so that “three surveys and three inspections” are performed. That is, “three surveys” are used to check growth and feeding conditions to check population distribution and Quantity, check blocking and predators; "Three look" to see the weather, see the color, see growth. Second, regular microscopy should be conducted to scientifically quantify pond organisms and take corresponding measures. The third is to respond to physical and chemical factors regularly, so that the water temperature, salinity, pH value and other items be aware of, and some lost.

6 harvest

Jellyfish grow rapidly and is usually cultivated in ponds of 40 days of age, and individual individuals reach 5 to 10 kg or more. At this time, they can be collected in batches, captured large and small, and listed one after another. There are many methods for harvesting, which can be harvested with gill nets or dip nets, or with floating trawl nets. In the late harvest period, drainage should be combined with a bell-shaped net near the drain gate.

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