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Abalone breeding technology
There are many ways to cultivate abalone. There is a bottom sowing breeding (also known as natural multiplication), there are cage-type cage breeding, as well as industrial breeding and pit breeding. No matter what kind of farming methods, choosing fresh water quality is particularly important. Natural aquaculture conditions: (1) Seaweed breeding, rich food. (2) The water is fluent and the proportion of seawater is stable, and it stays above 1.020 for the whole year. (3) The bottom rock is a rock block. (4) It is advisable that there is no industrial pollution in the sea area, there are few predators, and it is advisable that there be no frozen sea in the winter and ice flow in the spring. Seed transport of abalone transport using dry transport and wet transport two methods, generally short-range, short-time dry transport method, and remote, long-distance wet use; transportation is usually used as a plastic abalone attachment base, placed cleaning and disinfection In rigid containers, the abalone that is being transported should be selected to be raised in order to increase the survival rate of transportation. Abalone transportation plans and arrangements should be carefully studied. The dry transportation method should be reasonable in density, not squeezed each other, ensure high humidity, low temperature, regular watering, prevent direct sunlight and rain, and be placed in a cool and ventilated place, transported to the destination regularly. The wet transport method pumps must ensure normal operation, have sufficient seawater, density and sparse, non-overlap, large water flow, small temperature difference, and promptly involve the removal of fecal debris, if the transport time is too long, a small amount of feed should be cast. After being transported, the abalone must be raised for a certain period of time so that it can be revived before it can be removed from the stockpile. The abalone can be used to reduce the water temperature. Ultraviolet sterilization or drug treatment. Breeding methods: (1) Submarine culture: Put about 2 cm young abalone into the culture cage, raise 10-30% bait and seal it on the seabed. You can also place the young abalone directly in the sea area with good natural conditions ( proliferation). (2) Cocoon-type culture: The juvenile abalone is placed in an abalone breeding cage, then fixed on a floating cage and cultured, feeding regularly, removing fecal impurities, residual baits, scrubbing the sludge, and dredging the water flow. (3) Pond culture: In areas where conditions are available, pools can be built on land, using running water and aerated culture. (4) Factory farming: The abalone breeding room was built, and a cooling system and a heating system were set up to control the water temperature. (5) Pit aquaculture: Intensive farming (which can be referred to as factory culture), which uses the natural conditions in which the tunnel itself has a constant temperature, is treated by treating the water quality. Currently, the city mainly uses the aquaculture and the bottom three sea areas. Two methods of sow breeding: Babies must be baited, and the quality of the bait is directly related to the growth rate of the abalone.Generally, around 3 mm, abalone can not eat large algae, mainly relying on the attachment of diatoms as the foodstuff, and no bait is needed at this time. After growing to 5-6 mm, it begins to eat delicate algae such as Brassica, etc. With the growth of the individual, the main seaweed is changed to large seaweeds.The natural sea area and the number and the number of feeding and feeding depend on the season and the water temperature in summer. High, seaweed perishable, frondium corruption sinks to the bottom, ammonia nitrogen in the water increases, dissolved oxygen decreases, can easily cause deterioration of the culture environment, affect the normal activities of abalone, so at this time every two or three days feeding once, the amount of investment To be less, to be able to finish the meal.Autumn is the season for abalone to grow faster, need to feed enough fresh bait, fed once every 4-5 days.Winter water temperature is low, abalone eat less Fresh algae soaked in water for 7-8 days will not rot, so feed once every 8-10 days in winter. Note that each bait should be done after clearing the bait residue and abalone excrement and replacing fresh seawater. The young seaweed can be used as a bait after soaking in dry algae without fresh seaweed, and the algae feeding is better for the mixing effect. In the algae, the wakame, the leek, the kelp, the kelp, the horsetail and the like are the abalones. Food-loving seaweed, good bait, fast growth, and rich local seaweed, the test results show that it is not ideal and has a great influence on the abalone's digestion. Abalone breeding can also be fed artificial diet, should be considered when using It contains animal protein, soaked in water and perishable, so it shortens the time to master the bait. The feeding of factory-cultivated abalone or pit abalone is basically the same as above, except that the factory culture or the water temperature of the tunnel is relatively Constant, so there is a difference in feeding time. Disease control (1) sea fungus disease: sickness: disease abalone mantle, upper foot and foot back and many Uplift and uplift contain hyphae in clusters Pathogen: Streptomyces mirabilis Control: Prevention: Use 10ppm sodium hypochlorite to kill zoospores in seawater Treatments: Shangyuan effective treatment.(2) Bubble disease : Symptoms: The bubble-bearing abalone forms a lot of air bubbles under the skin tissue and causes the abalones to float on the water. Cause: Abalone is intensively cultured. Due to feeding various kinds of seaweed, under strong light, and when the water flow is not smooth, the seaweed Photosynthesis, which produces a large amount of oxygen dissolved in water, sometimes makes the dissolved oxygen of water reach 150-200% saturation, which can cause bubble disease in juvenile abalone. This disease is a common disease in abalone farming, and it is susceptible to secondary infection. Algae solitary bacteria cause more serious consequences Prevention and treatment: 1 When feeding large quantities of algae, strong light irradiation should be avoided, and the amount of flowing water in the abalone holding trough should be increased, and water with oxygen content below the saturation level can also be used for aquaculture water use. It can prevent the bubble disease.2 It is also possible to gradually recover the diseased abalone by reducing the temperature of the cultured water.There are still many abalone diseases, and it is reported that there are parasitism, prednisone, and muscular dystrophy. Harmful pathogens can be revealed but prevention is still being explored. See the report.