Early-maturing and high-efficient cultivation techniques of spring soybean

Spring soybean meal is popular among consumers. It has a short growth period and is simple in technology. It can be grown purely and interplanted with other crops. Generally, 500 kilograms of fresh soybean meal can be produced per mu, and the benefit is about 1,000 yuan per mu. The cultivation points are as follows:
First, the choice of species. Choose early maturation, high yield, good cold resistance, wide adaptability, easy to cook crisp white phoenix, early white birds, Liao fresh one and other varieties.
Second, sowing time and planting methods. Early-maturing cultivation is generally covered with mulching and mulching in the middle and middle of February. Seeding methods can be used live or nursery transplanting. Soybeans should not be weighed, and generally should be separated by 1 to 2 years.
(a) Large and medium shed plus mulching film covering live technology.
1 Apply base fertilizer to remove weeds. 7 to 10 days before sowing Mushi 1500 kilograms of human and animal manure (before ploughing the field before the application of organic fertilizer rotary tillage), the total content of 45% of the high-concentration compound fertilizer 25 to 30 kg. Till ploughing the soil to make a surface of 1.1 to 1.2 meters in diameter, 0.2 meters high and 0.2 meters wide. While fertilizing the soil preparation, a week before the sowing, 48% trifluralin herbicide 120 ml watered 30 kg evenly sprayed on the surface of the planter, shallowly soil layer, so that it penetrates into the topsoil, and then covers the film to increase the temperature .
2 timely sowing, reasonable close planting. When the ground temperature within 5 cm depth of the shed reaches 10°C or higher, select the cold tail warmer to sow the crop. Direct seeding is preferred for hole sowing. The density of early-maturing varieties can be appropriately larger. Generally, the distance between the holes is controlled to 15 to 20 centimeters, and the spacing is 30 to 35 centimeters. The basic point for each mu is 0.8 to 0.9 million, and 2 to 3 plants per hole. Mule 1.8 to 20,000. When planting, the bottom of the hole should be flat and the seeds should be dispersed. The cover soil should be covered with 2~3 cm thick fine soil. The sowing rate per acre is about 5 to 6 kg. Immediately after sowing, a layer of mulch film was placed on the entire surface of the saggers, and the sheds were fastened and pressed tightly around the shed to increase the temperature and moisturize the seedlings.
3 increase management, pay attention to fertilizer. After the seedling cotyledon top soil, the mulch film shall be peeled off in time, and the soil water content shall be reduced at the seedling stage. A cultivating tillage is conducted to increase the soil temperature and facilitate the growth. In case of low-temperature cold wave, measures should be taken to prevent cold and warm; in case of rain, it is necessary to promptly clear the ditch around the shed to prevent damage. When the temperature in the booth is greater than 25°C, pay attention to ventilation. During the flowering period, the temperature in the shed is maintained at 23 to 29°C, the night temperature is 17 to 23°C, and the relative humidity is maintained at about 75%. The flowering period is a critical period for soybeans that urgently need nitrogen nutrition. Therefore, in the early flowering period, per hectare of manure, 500 to 700 kilograms of manure urine or 20 kilograms of available nitrogen fertilizer should be promptly applied. At the same time, increasing phosphorus and potash fertilizers can reduce flowering and falling crops. Fertilization can be combined with cultivator to promote root growth. In the period of scarring and grain size, the application of polybasic potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the foliar, 802, vegetable experts, etc. can effectively increase the number of scabs, promote grain enlargement, and increase grain weight. In the flowering stage, the soil moisture content is required to be about 80%. If the soil moisture content is not sufficient at this time, irrigation should be performed 1 or 2 times. When irrigation, water is required to go from the ditch. Mu can increase production by about 15%.
(2) Production techniques for transplanting seedlings in protected areas.
1 Make bed seedlings and nurse seedlings at appropriate times. Adopting the method of seedling transplanting can not only promote the emergence of seedlings, but also obtain uniform and uniform growth plants. Loose solanaceous vegetables or cultivars of vegetable garden soil or slightly dried rice soil are generally used as seedbeds. Seeds are sown on the soil bed at an interval of 42 cm. Nutrition seeds are used to promote seedlings, and watering is used to cover 1 to 2 Centimeters of dry fine soil, first covered with a layer of plastic film compacted without leakage, and then covered with a small arch shed warming and moisturizing. Immediately after emergence, the mulching film was removed and the temperature of the seedbed was controlled so that it remained at about 20°C.
2 Breeding strong seedlings and timely planting. 2 to 3 days before planting, the arch plastic film should be peeled off during the day for hardening. The age of seedlings for transplanting should not be too large, and should be planted when two true leaves are unfolded. The longer the seedling age is, the longer the time for seedlings to be transplanted after transplanting, and the more unfavorable it is to growth, will affect the yield to a great extent, and pay attention to the protection of the root system during transplanting. The pre-planting soil preparation, fertilization methods and post-planting management measures are the same as those in large and medium shed plus mulching film covering live production technology.
Third, pest and disease control.
The soybean diseases and insect pests are more. Therefore, it is an important measure to promote the prevention of diseases and to promote the high yield and increase the commodity rate.
1 prevent disease. The main diseases of soybean are soybean rust and brown spot. Rust can be treated with 15% triadimefon WP 1000 to 1500 times or 70% mancozeb WP 1000 times and 15% triadimefon at the early stage of disease. 2000 times liquid WP control; Brown spot can be used at the beginning of the disease with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times plus 70% mancozeb WP 1000 times liquid; virus disease, the focus is to prevent Aphids, Miao Qi Miao after the entire mu with 10% imidacloprid 20 g or 48% 50 ml of water 50 ml of water against the routine spray of 30 kg again, the initial stage of the disease with small leaf enemy antiviral liquid spray foliar spray 2 or 3 times, Can effectively relieve symptoms.
2 Exterminators. Pests harmful to soybeans are soybean meal, leguminous fly, and so on. For the above pests, it is possible to use the low-toxic low-residue pesticides, such as the strong antibiotic-inhibitory and broadly-killing pesticides, such as chlortetracycline, extinct diclofen, and chlorpenoclast. Methamidophos, dichlorvos and other highly toxic pesticides, control once every 7 days, even prevention 2 to 3 times.

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