Bagging apple black spot prevention

In recent years, while the apple bagging technology has been rapidly promoted, some apple orchard bags appear spotted, that is, the occurrence of black spot disease on the fruit surface, and even rot, seriously affecting the income of the fruit farmers. For this reason, the author discusses the viewpoints of the bagging practice and the causes of the occurrence of black spot disease for the manufacturer's reference. First, the characteristics of the disease 1. Symptoms. The dark brown spots with a diameter of 1.5 mm were produced on the surface of the diseased fruits. There were more lesions on the gingivae, and there was no bitter taste at the mouth. No flesh ulcers were caused, and the storage period did not expand and spread. 2. Onset time and conditions. Black spot disease mainly occurs in late June to late July in Dezhou, Shandong, and it reaches the peak of incidence after rainfall. There are more rains in the season, continuous cloudy weather, low-lying areas and more vigorous tree vigor, canopy closure, and more nitrogenous orchards. 3. Different varieties have different degrees of hair. The order of severity from high to low was: Red Star, Jura, Red Fuji and Jonagold. Red Star is most susceptible to disease, and the onset of disease is about one month earlier than that of Red Fuji; Jonakin is the most resistant to this disease, and the onset period is about half a month later than that of Red Fuji. Black spot disease was positively correlated with the occurrence of mycotic heart disease and spotted leaf disease. Second, the cause of the disease Sampling studies have shown that the pathogen of black spot disease is Alternaria and pink Trichothecene. The pathogens of black spot disease are basically the same as pathogens of apple mold disease and spotted leaf disease. The pink trichothecenes and Alternaria spp. are all weak parasites of the semi-known fungi, and generally do not infect the fruit surface. The bagged fruit is exposed to conditions such as high humidity, poor ventilation, and high temperature, which can easily cause pathogen infestation and induce black spot disease. In particular, it is more prone to morbidity in stagnant water and stalks. Regardless of whether it is a paper bag or a plastic film bag, when the water and humidity in the bag are too heavy after raining, and it cannot be eliminated quickly, it often aggravates black spot disease. When bagging, the incidence is heavier when the bottom corner is not open. In addition, the efficacy of the bactericide is generally about 10 days, and the interval between spraying before the bagging period exceeds 10 days, and the control effect is not good. Third, control measures 1. Improve the canopy and orchard ventilation and light conditions. For closed gardens with poor ventilation and light transmission, and less than 20% of the canopy of trees with light transmittance, one or two times of thinning and thinning can be performed in July and August. Sparse dense layers of interfruits, erecting branches, overlapping branches, leggy shoots, shoot-head competing branches, and disturbing tree-shaped cross branches, etc., completely change the ventilation and light conditions of the canopy. This is the key measure for the occurrence of black spot disease in the rainy season. 2. Prevent tree tray water accumulation and nitrogen fertilizer control. After the heavy rain, the water in the tree trays and the scabs were removed in time to keep the soil moisture relatively stable. Strictly control the use of nitrogen fertilizers in July and August to prevent excessive tree vigor after rain. Can be combined with spraying, spray 3 to 4 times amino acid compound fertilizer. 3. Check the bagging. After the rain, timely check the bagging, when the plastic bag sealing is not strict, can be tied with fine enameled wire; the paper bag that has been crushed and pasted on the fruit surface after rain and the bad quality plastic film bag that has been aged and broken in August can be timely Remove and replace the high-quality plastic film bag. 4. Strengthen post-management. Red Fuji apple with a paper bag should be grown and developed in the bag for about 90 days. Generally, the bag should be taken 20-30 days before harvesting. It is better to take the bag off time from 9 to 10 o'clock in the previous year and from 4 to 6 o'clock in the afternoon. The double-layer paper bag is divided into 2 times. After the outer bag is removed for 5 to 7 days, the inner bag is removed again. After the bag is removed, pick the leaves and fruit in time, preferably about 10 days, and make the fruit surface fully colored.

Step one: add 1 to 5 of the background material in a bag of water (more soup is better), and increase or decrease the amount of water according to the individual taste.

Step 2: After boiling, you can add various dishes, according to your preferences.

Step 3: After the hot pot is boiled, you can begin to enjoy delicious food.

Nutritional value: A reasonable combination of meat and vegetables can provide a wealth of protein, vitamins, carotene, reduce fat and cholesterol absorption, protect the gastrointestinal health.

Applicable people: Office workers, computer families, smoking families, all ages.

Edible Mushrooms: Meat is first tasted fresh, seafood and vegetables are in the middle.

          Food is hard to distinguish between cooked and cooked, keeping it open

          With the soup with the taste more fresh, water hair sandwiched between thin slices.

          The red soup is spicy and fresh, and it stimulates sweat.

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