Flammulina velutipes bottle and bag cultivation method
1. Choose the cultivation season: According to the local climatic conditions and the fertility characteristics of Enoki mushroom, arranging suitable cultivation season is an important guarantee for obtaining high yield and high quality. The general south from November to March is the cultivation period, and the northern climate is cold. It can be cultivated from autumn to early May. If you use the basement or civil defense for cultivation, the time can be extended appropriately. 2. Choose a cultivation place: In the place where the mushroom is cultivated, choose a clean, ventilated, dark, and moisture-retaining environment. The indoor cultivation racks should be set up, each with 5 to 6 floors, 45 to 50 centimeters away from the floor and 60 cm away from the aisle for operation and management. 3. Preparation of culture materials: wood chips, cottonseed husks, bagasse, corn cobs, rice straw, chaff, etc. as the main raw material, add a certain amount of rice bran or wheat husk, sugar, gypsum powder, etc., can be formulated into a culture material. Its proportions are: 73% of main ingredients, 25% of rice bran or wheat husk, 1% of sugar, and 1% of gypsum powder. When preparing, mix all kinds of raw materials by mixing and adding water and mix well, the moisture content is 65%, pH value is 6.5. Then put it into a wide-mouth bottle or plastic bag and wrap it around the bottle mouth or bag mouth. 4. Sterilization inoculation: After loading good materials, put the bottles and bags into an autoclave or normal-pressure sterilization oven. Autoclave is maintained at a pressure of 1.5 kg/cm2 for 1 to 1.5 hours, and atmospheric pressure sterilization is performed at 100°C for 6 to 8 hours. When the temperature of the material is reduced to about 25°C, bacteria can be inserted into the bottle or bag by aseptic operation. 5. Hyphae culture: After inoculation, the bottles and bags are moved into the culture room and discharged on the cultivation rack. The temperature is maintained at 23-26°C to promote the germination and colonization of the hyphae as soon as possible and cover the material surface. 3-4 days of mycelium germination and growth into the culture material, the temperature should be reduced to about 20 °C, and promote the healthy growth of mycelium. After 15 days, silk can grow to more than half of the bottle or bag. This temperature can be reduced to 18-20 °C, and strengthen ventilation through phoenix, 1-2 times a day. After 25-30 days of cultivation, mycelium grows in bottles and bags, and it can be transferred into mushroom management. 6. Mushroom management After the buds have covered the bottle and bag, remove the stopper or unfasten the bag. Remove the old inoculation block and adjust the surface of the material. Cover the bottle and bag with the old newspaper, and water once or twice a day to keep the newspaper moist. Temperature control 13-16 °C, air relative humidity to maintain 85-90%. When amber beads appear on the surface of the culture medium, mushroom buds can be formed after about one week. After the growth stage of the fruiting body, the buds begin to differentiate. When the length of the cap is about 2 cm, newspapers should be removed to increase ventilation and cooling. When using bottle plants, when the fruiting body grows to 2-3 cm above the bottle mouth, it is necessary to keep the cultivation room dark, and put a trumpet paper tube with a height of about 15 cm on the bottle mouth to reduce the light and raise the CO2 concentration. Controls the growth of caps and promotes elongation of the stipe. Make the fruit body grow neatly, handle long, cover small, light color, crisp meat, best quality. In a bag, you do not need to put a paper tube and only cover the newspaper on the mouth of the bag. As the stipe elongates, the bag mouth is rolled up gradually, so that an ecological environment with calm phoenix, moisturizing, and high CO2 concentration is formed in the bag, so as to facilitate the growth of the mushroom. If there is poor ventilation and high humidity, newspapers should be promptly removed for ventilation. When the fruiting body grows close to harvesting, the relative humidity of the air should be reduced to 80-85%, so that the mushroom body is relatively dry, from the fungus, the cap is not easy to carry out, easy to process and store.