Cuiguan pear fruit thinning and bagging technology
First, the fruit thinning technique Cuiguan pear is a good quality early-ripening pear good variety that is popularized and developed in our province. Its high yield is very strong. If it is not timely and reasonably fruit thinning, the fruit will become smaller, the quality will decline, and the annual results will easily occur. . Excessive results will also result in weakening of the tree vigor, resistance decline, summer and fall intolerance to drought, vulnerable to early defoliation (such as mildew), severe defoliation caused by a large number of secondary flowering, a great impact on flowering results in the following year. Therefore, fruit thinning has become one of the essential and important technologies for the quality, yield, and stable production of Cuiguan pear. 1. During the fruit-shearing period on or around April 10, fruit thinning can be started after the fertilized young fruit falls to the front of the bag (35-40 days after the flower is cut). The year of the year, the flowering trees, and the good weather during the flowering period often cause high fruit set-up rates and tend to result in excessive fruition. Fruits should be shucked early. If fruit thinning is too late, the effect is not significant. 2. The degree of fruit thinning The fruit supermarkets such as Hangzhou and Shanghai require a single-fruit weight of 250 g and less than 200 g. Therefore, the initial fruit trees of 6-8 years old are suitable for 125-150 fruits per plant. 47 plants were planted at 4 meters and 3.5 meters per acre, and the yield per mu was controlled at 1500-1750 kg. In recent years, the sales price per kilogram is about 8 yuan, and the output value per mu can reach 1,200-14,000 yuan. Cuiguan pears that do not have fruit peelings sell for only 3-4 yuan per kilogram. It can be seen that thinning fruit is indeed an important technology for the efficient production of high-quality pears. 3. Fruit thinning technique 1 According to the ratio of fruit to fruit ratio, the number of leaves needed to produce a normal good quality fruit is called leaf fruit ratio. The appropriate leaf-fruit ratio of Cuiguan pear is approximately 30:1. The formula for calculating the reasonable fruit yield per plant is: the number of leaves per plant = the number of leaves per tree per tree leaf / leaf-fruit ratio. 2 According to the distance between the fruiting of the fruit, the fruit size is determined according to the size of the fruit: the spacing distance (cm) of the thinning fruit is determined, and the small fruit type, such as the Yakumo, 1 fruit at an interval of 15 cm. The interval between the small and medium-sized fruits in the new century is 15-20. In centimeters, large fruit types in the crown should be separated by 20-25 cm. Jinshui No. 2 has a high fruit setting rate, a large fruit size, and a very easy to size result. The spacing distance between fruit shreds should not be less than 25 cm. 3 According to the results of the type of branches, branch age, robustness and the quality of leaf clusters to consider the amount of fruit thinning: short fruit branches stay sparse, medium and long fruit branches less stay sparse; 3-5 fruiting fruit branches strong ability to stay more and less Sparsely, old and weak fruit branches are sparsely left and sparse; the amount of leaf clusters on or near the fruit branch can be more sparsely sparse, and less sparsely sparse. 4 Thinning fruit according to the part where the fruit grows: In principle, the whole tree should stay sparsely and sparsely in the lower part, followed by the middle part, and the upper part should be less sparsely sparsely; the crown should be left sparsely sparsely and the crown should be sparsely sparser. A branch of oblique extensors, the apex stay less, stay in the lower part, a small branch group, upper and middle should stay sparse. A flower bud of a pear is opened as an inflorescence, with 5-9 flowers, and the result is 3-5. The opening and closing of the flower is good and the fruiting is good. Therefore, the fruit of the pear should be left. Only one or two inflorescences are left, and 2-3 for small fruit types, and only 1-2 for medium and large fruit types. Cuiguan mainly stays with single fruit and stays with double fruit as the supplement. 5 The weather during flowering is poor. Thinning of fruit can be preceded by a 20-25 cm sparse inflorescence. The remaining inflorescences are left 2-3, and the fruit is finally set when bagging (in late April). 6 Thinning fruit is broken off with the fingers from the middle of the fruit stem of the young fruit. Pay attention to the selection of large fruit, fair fruit, disease-free fruit, smooth fruit, and even fruit distribution. Remove small fruits, dense fruits, misshapen fruits, pests and diseases, and overturning fruit, so that the young fruits left on the tree reach an ideal state. 7 The procedure of fruit thinning should be followed by sparse tree sparsity after the first step in the whole park. After sparse trees, sparse trees will be sparse. In a tree, first sparse the upper part and then sparse the lower part, first sparse the inner part and then sparse the outer part. Second, bagging technology Cuiguan pear peel easily prone to fruit rust, bagging may not be easy to produce water rust, a great impact on the appearance of commercial products, bagging has become a key technology to ensure the quality of Cuiguan pear fruit. 1, bagging time Cuiguan should be bagged within 25-40 days after flowering, less than 25 days or more than 45 days the effect of bagging is not good. Therefore, if Cuiguan Pear blossoms on March 25th, bagging should be carried out from April 19th to May 4th. The double-layer bagging bag produced in our city has a mature light yellow-brown color, good finish, and no water rust, and the appearance of good quality is over 70%. If Cuiguan pears bloom on March 20, they should be bagged between April 25 and May 10. 2. Selection of bags After trials and production trials in various regions, most of them think that the double-layer bags produced in our city and the double-layer bags of good fruit produced in Taiwan are effective for Cuiguan. High quality fruit bags should have good resistance to sun, water, insects, bacteria, wind, sealing, shading and permeability. Fruit growers should pay attention to the selection of bags: see whether the specifications are standard, whether the bag surface is flat, whether there is folds, open glue, ventilation holes in the bag, water resistance, hydrophobicity, etc. Check the water resistance and pour water into the non-adhesive bag. Finally, the trademark and packaging should be inspected to prevent counterfeiting. 3, before the preparation of 1 each inflorescence leave only fruit, if 1 bag sets of double fruit will burst fruit bags; 2 in case of drought should be fully irrigated before and after bagging 1; 3 sets of pre-spray 1 should be in the set Bags were sprayed once a day 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times or 80% of the students m-45 700 times +10% imidacloprid 2000 times, the drug solution can be bagged after the dry; 4 bags after the fruit is more susceptible to calcium deficiency, so Should be combined with spraying calcium supplement, such as spraying 0.3% calcium nitrate +0.3% borax is better; 5 before bagging prohibited Bordeaux mixture and other copper pesticides and oils (such as dimethoate, dichlorvos, etc.) to avoid Fruit damage occurs and affects the bagging effect. 4, bagging method The left hand pinch the bottom of the bag, right hand into the bag or use air to open the bag, the young fruit into the bag center, so that the bag mouth grip fruit stalks or fruit branches, first folding the side without the wire, After the fold is folded on the side of the wire, the bag is tightly closed and the bag body is bulging. The leaf cluster on the fruit branch is not damaged, and the leaf cluster should be left outside the bag. No zipper bag can be used for banding materials such as palm leaves (first boiled with boiling water), bamboo oyster shells, corn cobs, and hemp skin. 5, after the management of a regular inspection of the orchard, fruit bags rupture should be complementary sets, bag mouth should not be tightly tightened; 2 pay attention to the prevention of Tenebrio, in June to July found a pest when spray epidemic imidacloprid 3000 Times, good control effect; 3 pay attention to leaf calcium supplement and boron fertilizer, spraying 2-3 times in June-July 0.3% calcium nitrate +0.3% borax.