Pepper seedling management technical advice
Pepper is a thermophilic, need sunny, avoid wet crops, in the seedling stage to adjust the bed temperature, increase light, and reasonable control of humidity. 1. Control the temperature of bed temperature before seedling emergence to maintain high temperature and humidity. After the seedlings are unearthed, the degree of cooling will not hinder the growth of seedlings. The daytime bed temperature can be reduced to 15°C-20°C and 5°C-10°C at night until the true leaves are exposed. When the true leaves are exposed, the bed temperature should be raised to a suitable temperature for seedling growth and development, during the day at 20°C to 25°C and at night at 10°C to 15°C. 2, to strengthen the light must give the seeds, plants, sufficient light to ensure the smooth progress of photosynthesis. In order to make the seedbed more sunny, improve lighting conditions, under the premise of insulation, the cover as soon as possible to cover the late cover, extend the lighting time. When removing the film, it is necessary to prevent cold air from directly blowing into the seedbed and cause seedling damage. 3, adjust the humidity of the bed humidity is too high, you can use ventilation and humidity and dry soil or moisture ash to reduce humidity. However, the ventilation and dehumidification should take into account the heat preservation, and it is necessary to consider the weather conditions at that time, so that the seedlings are not subject to frost damage. Spreading a layer of dry soil on a moist bed soil can have the effect of absorbing moisture and reducing humidity, but the soil must be finely smashed and sifted. Dry compost is better, and the dry seedlings are dried. After sweeping the earth, the broom shall be swept away with a broom so that the fine soil will fall and the leaves will not be contaminated. 0.5 kg of fine dry earth will be scattered per square meter of bed soil. Bed soil humidity is too low, can be properly watered, should be a small amount of ground water, bed soil is about to white, open topsoil, bed soil structure is loose, landing where scattered water. Avoid watering in the evening and watering in the rainy days, and avoid excessive watering, resulting in excessive bed humidity. Watering is usually before 9 o'clock in the morning, after 5 o'clock in the afternoon, avoid high temperature watering, or cause physiological disorders. 4. During cultivating seedlings between cultivators, care should be taken to loosen the surface of bed soil, prevent compaction, reduce evaporation of water, and maintain soil temperature. When loose soil is used, bamboo sticks are often used to loosen the top soil between the seedlings, or use nails, lead wire, and other small rakes to loosen the top soil between the seedlings. The ripping soil must not be too deep to avoid damaging the roots. To prevent the occurrence of diseases during the seedling stage, high-yielding seedlings should be formed, and the weeds should be torn off in combination with the cultivator (control grasses for pepper grass can be used to replenish 15 kg of spray water) , remove the dense seedlings. 5. Appropriate top-dressing seedbeds should be based on basal fertilizer to control topdressing. Only when the bed soil is not fertile enough and the seedlings have symptoms of fertilizer deficiency, fertilizer should be applied in a timely manner. Top dressing should be done at 10-12 o'clock in the sunny morning without wind, mainly organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer. If human and animal urine is used, it must be fully decomposed, and filter residue should be diluted with 10-12 times of water. Compound fertilizer can be formulated with special compound fertilizer containing about 10% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and the spray concentration is 0.1%. Avoid high concentrations, otherwise it is easy to burn seedlings. 6, timely hardening seedlings in a week before planting seedlings exercise. The plastic film should be opened every day and night 5-7 days before planting to adapt the seedlings to the open environment. However, the decrease in temperature should be gradually strengthened, and it cannot be suddenly reduced too much. If the seedlings appear to be long or grow too fast and the outside temperature is high, appropriate water control can be used to prevent the seedlings from prospering. Therefore, the amount of ventilation and prolonged ventilation time should be increased two weeks before planting, and it should be fully opened during the day. Only at night, the plastic film can still be covered. 7. Pest control The seedbeds that have not been treated with seeds, have not been soil-sterilized at the nursery sites, have poor soil preparation and have high seeding densities should be carefully controlled before transplanting. (1) Prevention and treatment of disease at seedling stage: damping-off disease: prevention can use Licongling a pack (25 grams) to spray 20 kilograms of water, if the seedbed has found a small number of diseased seedlings, after the removal of diseased seedlings, they can choose to use the disease easily or Bo doctor 733 and other 10-15 grams of water 15 kg spray; 75% chlorothalonil WP 1000 times dilution, 64% antiviral WP 500 times dilution; 72.2% Proclex 600 times dilution; Spray once every 7-10 days, control 1 or 2 times. Blight: 1 Strengthen seedbed management, pay attention to reasonable air release, and prevent emergence of high temperature and humidity conditions in seedbeds. 2Sprinkle 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at seedling stage to enhance disease resistance. 3 At the beginning of the disease, Yike or Bo doctor 733 can be used to spray 10-15 grams of water 15 kilograms; 36% thiophanate-methyl suspension 500 times; 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times; such as damping off. , Bacterial blight concurrent, can be used 72.2% Preclosure 800 times spray, depending on the condition 7-10 days spray 1, continuous control 2-3 times. (2) Pest control: Ground tigers (Bombyx mori, ground silkworm, black soil silkworm, and black ground silkworm) prefer warm and humid environments. There are many weeds in the early spring vegetable fields and peripheral areas, which can provide sites for spawning; there are many honey source plants. Larger insect sources will be formed and the damage will be severe. Control methods: 1 Early spring to eliminate weeds around the field, reduce the laying ground of tigers, kill eggs and newly hatched larvae. 2 Digging the ditch to support water, reduce soil moisture, is not conducive to the survival of tiger larvae. Manually kill. 3 Check the seedlings in the early morning of the morning and find that after the seedlings are cut off, the topsoil is trapped and killed for 5 to 6 consecutive days. 4 trapping and prevention: 6 parts of sugar, 3 parts of vinegar, 1 part of white wine, 10 parts of water, 1 part of 90% trichlorfon and mix thoroughly, or add appropriate amount of pesticide with pickle water, set in the stage of adult emergence, and have trapping effect. Some fermented sour foods, such as sweet potatoes, rotten fruits, etc., are added with appropriate doses to trap and kill adult worms. Wet paulownia leaves, 1050 ~ 1350 leaves were placed on each hectare of pepper and trapped. The next morning, we collected insects under the leaves of paulownia for killing, and we could also use them to eat gray asparagus, spiny vegetables, bitter leeks, and small vegetables. Weeds such as spindweed, alfalfa and mugwort are used to pile up and trap larvae of earthworms. 5 Chemical control: The larvae of the 1st to 3rd instar larvae of the ground tiger are poor in drug resistance and are exposed on the host plant or on the ground. It is an appropriate period for chemical control. Can choose to use fast kill special, multi insect net, high security, agricultural Jiyuan, unified kill and other pesticides for prevention and control, the application of concentration and method please refer to the product packaging instructions. 8. Problems and Solutions for Seedling Easily Occurred (1) When the growth of young seedlings is over-suppressed, they often become severe seedlings. To prevent the rigidification of seedlings, the first step is to give the seedlings suitable temperature and moisture conditions to promote the normal growth of the seedlings. For the rigid seedlings, besides measures such as raising the bed temperature and proper watering, they can be sprayed 0.001%-0.002%. The gibberellin was diluted with about 100 grams per square meter, and it began to take effect after about 7 days after spraying, which has a significant effect on stimulating growth. (2) The leggy seedling is also a common phenomenon during pepper breeding. The main reason is the lack of light and high temperature, humidity is too large. The measures taken to prevent seedlings from being leggy are to reduce the temperature and humidity, and if there are pigs with seedlings, watering should be properly controlled to lower the temperature. Seedling stage can be sprayed 0.002% -0.005% of chlormequat, about 1 kg per square meter of medication. After about 10 days of treatment, the leaves became dark green, the stem became thick, and the resistance increased. The effective period of the liquid was about 30 days. 9. The strong seedlings of pepper seedlings have white root color, thick main roots, many fibrous roots and short stems. 10-12 true leaf seedlings, from the cotyledon site to the base of the stem about 2 cm, the entire plant height 18-20 cm, cotyledon stem diameter 0.3-0.4 cm, stem green, tough, cotyledon green, large leaves Hypertrophy, dark green color, moderate petiole length, stems and leaves and no pests, no lesions, no scars.