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Wheat stalk smut
Wheat straw smut disease Crops: Wheat Damage symptoms: When wheat grows to a foot or a foot high, symptoms can appear. In the stems, leaf sheaths, leaves, etc., some striped spores that are parallel to the veins appear, and the spores are slightly uplifted, initially white, and later turn grayish to black. When the diseased tissue is old, the spores are split longitudinally and black powder is emitted, ie Winter spores. Diseased plants often dwarf, deformed or curled, most diseased plants can not heading, curled in the sheath, or pull out the deformed ear, flowers without real, or only pods. Sick plants have more tillers, and when the sowing density is relatively thin, there are sometimes more than 100 ineffective deliveries. The morphological characteristics of the pathogen: The teliospore under the epidermis of the host is round to oval, surrounded by a number of infertility cells. There are 1 to 4 brown teliospores, most of which are 2 to 3. Infertility cells are colorless to brown, with cysts round to oval and auburn. The winter sphaeroides of wheat stalk smut fungus are very viable and can survive for 3 to 5 years in dry soil. In moister soils, although their germination rate decreased after summer or 16 months, part of the teliospores can maintain their invasiveness. Through the animal's stomach, part of the spore mass does not lose its invasiveness. Disease characteristics: wheat stalk black powder winter spore mass mainly through the soil, manure and seeds for infection. The infection mode of the bacteria is the infection of the seedling system. When the teliospores germinate, the hyphae invade the wheat sprouts and reach the point of growth. The occurrence of wheat smut is related to the soil temperature during wheat germination. In general, the soil temperature can be infected between 9 and 26°C, but the soil temperature is about 20°C. In addition, the morbidity rate is also related to the soil moisture content. Generally, the incidence of dry land is higher than that of land with high humidity. Popularity dynamics: Control methods: 1. Selection of disease-resistant varieties. 2. Pharmaceutical treatment seeds (1) Triadimefon dressing, reference wheat rust. (2) 50 kg seeds per acre, with 75% Walnut Ling 150 grams or 100% Versicolor 100 g seed dressing. (3) 40% seed dressing double according to 2% seed dressing, this is limited to spring wheat area, winter wheat area can easily cause injury. Commonly used medicaments: Triconazole Wrinkle-Resistant Seed Double