Winter free field planted mushrooms have many advantages

With the use of winter free fields, the cultivation of mushrooms with rice straw and manure as the main raw materials can greatly increase income. The residue after cultivation can also be returned directly to the field or used as a raw material for bio-organic fertilizers. The winter cultivation techniques of mushroom cultivation in the winter are described as follows: Formula of culture materials: When piled materials are counted per mushroom bed, dry straw is 12.5-13.5 kg, rapeseed meal is 0.8 kg, gypsum powder is 0.45 kg, and superphosphate is 0.45 kg. 0.45 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.45 kg of lime powder. The required raw materials per acre can be converted into 390-400 m2 per acre winter farmland. Build heap process: raw materials into the stockyard → dry straw soaking water pre-wet 12-18 hours → build piled straw material (heap width 2.5 meters, top height 1.5-1.6 meters, four sides high 1.2-1.3 meters) → layer by layer vertical construction heap. Lime is added during the first turnover and accessories such as rapeseed cake are added layer by layer as the pile is built. From the third floor, transfer water and pour it into the heap. After stacking, it is piled every 5 days and the humidity of the stack is controlled. The standard of high-quality culture materials piled up is: the rice grassland is still in shape, yellow brown or tan, toughness is not strong, no serious ammonia odor and other corrupt odor, water content is 60-65%, and the water droplets do not clump with the water droplets. Outflow, but there are wet traces on the palms. Twisting and arranging: After the late rice is harvested, the plots are promptly sorted out, and the whole crop is cultivated as a cultivation bed. The effective cultivation area per mu is generally 390-400 square meters. Generally used arch-style, single-layer cultivation bed cultivation, shed height 1.7-1.8 meters, width 4 meters, length 10-15 meters. Firstly, in the center of the shed, a 1.6-meter-wide cultivation bed should be provided. On each side of the center-cultivation bed, 40 cm wide and 25 cm deep operation lanes should be left. Then, on both sides, the other side of the road should be used as a 60-cm wide cultivation bed. 20 cm gap. In order to make full use of space, a semi-cultivated bed can be used. The height of the shed is 2.1 meters or more. The upper cultivation bed is 1.5 meters from the top of the shed, and the distance between the upper and lower cultivating beds is 60 cm. The arch cover style can be "sandwich" type, that is, the middle grass curtain, a film inside and outside. Spreading material: The material should be even and thick, about 20-25 cm thick, and the moisture content of the culture material should be controlled at 60-65%. Sowing: When the temperature of the material drops to about 28°C, timely sowing, and soaking of 8 square-foot area per bottle of grain or grain strain (0.5 kg). When sowing, strains will be scooped out of the bottle and scattered, evenly sowed in the material surface or material gap, and then use clean wood to compact the surface of the material, in order to facilitate bacterial species and culture materials contact. Fungus management: 1-3 days after sowing, the main management of moisturizing ventilation, temperature control below 28 °C, in order to promote the germination of the mycelium as soon as possible; 3-7 days after sowing, the basic germination of the mycelium and began to eat, combined Ventilation less ventilation; 7-11 days after sowing, hyphae has begun to eat horizontally, ventilation should gradually increase in order to promote the growth of mycelium within the material; 10-15 days after sowing, mycelial growth within the material layer 1 Above 2/2 cover soil. Covering soil: Select the field where mushroom residue was not used in the past year. Take the soil below the tillage layer and break it into pieces of 1-1.5 cm diameter. Generally, we choose to use wet or non-stick, dry but not loose, loose and breathable, strong water retention, loam or sandy loam with a certain fertility and a ph value of about 7.2 as cover soil. Before the application of pesticides to remove the bacteria and pests in the soil, the material surface is sprayed once with a Bordeaux mixture with a 1:1 equivalent amount of 500-800 times. After covering the soil, take a light spray and ground spray to gradually adjust to the required humidity. Mushroom management: 12 days after the cover soil, when the mycelium can be seen in the earth seam, the mushroom water should be sprayed in time to promote the hypha knot, the amount of water spray is usually 2-3 times, and the soil is sufficient to absorb enough moisture. The material prevails. When spraying mushroom water, ventilation must be 3-4 times larger than usual. When the greenhouse temperature is higher than 22°C, the amount of water sprayed should be appropriately reduced to increase the ventilation and delay the spraying of mushroom water. When bean sprouts appear in the earth seam, mushroom water is sprayed in time to promote fruit body formation. (Source: Zhejiang Rural Network)

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