An Extract is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol or water. Extracts may be sold as tinctures, absolutes or in powder form. The majority of natural essences are obtained by extracting the essential oil from the blossoms, fruit, roots, etc., or the whole plants, through four techniques.
Now this is used in medicine area to help to get the pure substance of the herb. This kind shows several most popular extracts in the market.
Extract Plant Extract,Herbal Extract,100% Natural Extract,Flower Extract Drotrong Chinese Herb Medicines Co.,Ltd. , http://www.drotrongherb.com
Maize straw culture material winter mushroom cultivation
The autumn crops in Henan province are mainly planted with corn. In each harvest season, straws are burned on the spot, seriously polluting the environment. Since 2000, the author has popularized winter corn seedling mushroom mushroom spring technology in the Jiaozuo region. The planting area per 100 square meters can consume 2500kg of corn stalks. After three years of demonstration and promotion, the bioconversion rate has stabilized at 40% to 60%. The cultivation techniques are as follows. I. Variety selection and strain production 1. Variety selection: Choose the fast-growing and concentrated high-yield varieties suitable for planting in this area, such as: As2796, F60, U3, etc. 2, strain production: the original species and cultivated species by throwing grain - chicken feed medium. The preparation method is as follows: the grain is first soaked in 1% lime water for 20-24 hours, several times in the middle to be stirred, then boiled in steam for 15-30 min so that the grain is cooked without being rotten, and the seasoning can be mixed. Grain-chicken feed medium formulation: grain 100kg, chicken feed 10kg, gypsum powder 1kg, mushroom special fertilizer 0.5kg. When mixing ingredients, add chicken feed, gypsum powder, and mushroom fertilizer with appropriate amount of water to adjust the humidity, turn and mix evenly so that the moisture content reaches about 60%, then mix in the grains, mix well, and then dry it to bottling and sterilization. . The strains cultured in this formula have a strong growth of hyphae and a uniform bacteria growth. They are not easy to produce aerial hyphae and bacteria, and have a fast growing speed. Generally about 35 days of the original species, the cultivar is about 25 days full of bottles. Second, the cultivation season and cultivation facilities 1, the cultivation season: corn can be prepared after the harvest. The Jiaozuo area generally begins in early October and batches are stockpiled until the end of the second year of January. From the beginning of November to the beginning of February of the same year, the sowing period for the batches. At the beginning of March, when the temperature rose, it entered the mushrooming period, and production in June basically ended. 2. Cultivation facilities: In the Jiaozuo area, corn stalks and winter mushroom species mainly use solar greenhouses. The east-west length of the greenhouse is generally 45m, the north-south span is 7.2m, the height of the north wall is 1.5m, the thickness is 1.0m, the ridge height is 2.0m, and the middle pillar height is 1.8m. Both are slope-type soil base greenhouses. Third, formula selection: according to 100 square meters, formula 1: corn straw 2500kg, cottonseed husk 150kg, urea 40kg, nitrophosphate 50kg, lime powder 50kg, gypsum powder 50kg, mushroom fertilizer 10kg. Formula 2: 2500kg corn stover, dried chicken fat 500kg, urea 25kg, nitrophosphate 50kg, lime powder 50kg, gypsum powder 50kg, mushroom special fertilizer 10kg. Fourth, build pile fermentation 1, straw treatment and pre-wet: After corn harvest, the corn stalk slightly after drying so that the stems and leaves become yellow is no longer green, the use of rolling rake to make corn stalk broken first cut into 10cm The left and right small sections allow the straw to fully absorb water when the materials are stacked. When the pre-wet, the water consumption is usually 2 to 3 times the weight of the corn stalk, and the water is sprayed 2 to 3 times to fully absorb the moisture of the corn stalk. Pre-moisture moisture is required to be uniform, and the water content is between 65% and 70%. 2. Stacking material: The bottom of material pile is 2.0m wide and 1.5m high, and the length is not limited. The ground floor first shop a layer of 40 ~ 50cm thick straw, and then spread 1 layer of manure, after each layer thickness of about 30 ~ 40cm withdrawal 1 layer of manure, usually shop 3 ~ 4 layers, spread 3 ~ 4 layers of manure, heap to 1.5m , Make a trapezoid around the material piles, and finally stack the grass to prevent the loss of sun, rain and nutrients. Stacking can be carried out for the first time after 7~8d. When turning the pile, turn the bottom and surrounding materials to the middle, and turn the middle material to the outer periphery, shake and loosen and shake it up thoroughly, then turn it once every 4~5d, and turn it 4~5 times. When the last tumbling, the plant insecticide such as 1.1% matrine wettable powder should be sprayed on the surface 1000 times to kill the remaining pests and eggs. The end of about 30 days of corn stalk stacking, the stacking material should be tan, soft and flexible, non-sticky, non-odor, no fecal block, moisture content of 60% to 65%. Fifth, the winter fungus management 1, planting material sowing: the end of the stack material can be cultured into the shed material sowing. The material bed width is 1.0m, the working channel between the material beds is 0.5m, material thickness is 0.25m, and the length is not limited. After the material is laid, it can be sown. The amount of 1.5 bottles/square meter is used for sowing, sowing the seeds, then covering the 1~2cm thick culture material on the material surface to prevent the bacteria from being dried and losing its activity. 2. Fungus management: In winter, Jiaozuo has more sunny days, less rain and snow, and the climate is relatively dry. Mushroom winter mushroom species can use sunlight to increase the greenhouse temperature to about 25°C during the day. Mycelium can use the daytime temperature to grow slowly. Due to the absence of heat-insulating grasshoppers outside the shed during the winter season, the temperature is low at night, generally around 0°C. It is often seen that the water droplets on the shed membrane are sticky and many harmful insects such as mosquitoes are frozen at night. Due to the high temperature during the daytime of the mushroom shed, the water is dissipated and the surface of the material is dry. The spores in the air falling on the material surface are not easy to germinate. Therefore, mushroom spring mushroom winter rarely finds a large number of pests and diseases. Maize mushroom mushroom spring mushroom winter technology, due to a long period of bacteria, during the entire period of bacteria to pay close attention to water management, if the material is too dry should be timely spray 1% lime water adjustment, and vice versa should be ventilated and dehumidified. Six, spring fruiting management 1, casing: In March, when the mycelium down to the material bed 2/3, the temperature rose to 10 ~ 15 °C can cover 2 ~ 3cm thick soil. Cover soil requires wet and sticky soil, dry but not loose, loose air, strong water retention. The pH value is 7.5 to 8.5, and the soil water holding capacity is 16% to 18%. 2, mushroom management: When the temperature is appropriate, the general cover soil 10 ~ 15d, that is, hyphae crawling soil after the formation of bacteria, it is necessary to timely shading, heavy spray mushroom water, spray 2 to 3 times a day, even spray 2 ~ 3d, Soil water holding capacity of about 19%, air humidity of 85% to 95%, and then stop the water 2 ~ 3d, reduce the ventilation, so that the air is fresh, the environment is moist, mushroom base soon formed into the mushrooming period, mushroom spring Mushroom winter management principles for the early spring to the main moisturizing, in May to cool down. 3, harvest: mushroom winter mushroom, harvesting period is concentrated in the 3 to 5 months, especially the late fruiting period, the temperature is high, the mushrooms should be harvested in batches, later will be the formation of thin mushroom or mushroom, Affect the value of goods. (Henan Vocational and Technical Teachers College, Department of Plant Protection, former Jing Chao)