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Russian scientists discovered overwintering mechanism of symbiotic bacteria in plants
Scientists from the Institute of Biochemistry and Microbial Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences have discovered that some plant commensal bacteria cover the surface of leaves in summer and hide in the plant tissues in winter to avoid the cold. The long existence of plant commensal bacteria on the surface and inside of the leaves not only promotes the growth and development of the plants, but also simplifies the coexistence process between plants and bacteria. Experts pointed out that the study has important value for the microbiology. In the past, people basically understood the survival mechanism of plants and microorganisms in a warm environment, but it was unclear how the bacteria overwintered and where the bacteria were hiding after leaves fell off. Previous experts believe that winter commensal bacteria and leaves fall together in the soil after the winter, when the spring comes, then return with the wind and dust back to the surface of the leaves. Russian researchers found through experiments that the relationship between bacteria and plants has nothing to do with the climate. The researchers used a methane-derived bacteria as a research object. Methanol, methylamine, and other derivatized methane are the most common volatile plant metabolites, and the bacteria closely follow these derivation to densely cover the leaves or tail tips. Out of "gratitude" for providing food to plants, these bacteria can isolate plant hormones, plant growth hormones, and promote plant growth and development. Using biochemical and microbiological methods, the researchers observed and observed the seeds of some plants and the buds of eucalyptus and pine trees collected in winter and discovered that the seeds and buds of these plants contain the above-mentioned bacteria, which are hidden in the tissues of plants. In the "hibernation." If these bacteria get nutrients on the leaves in summer for rapid growth, they will take a long break in warm and humid places in winter. The researchers also found that bacteria can well weather the cold winter in plant tissues. The inside of plant shoots is their best protection. When external conditions become conducive to the survival of bacteria, bacteria gradually return to the plants. surface. In addition, bioactive compounds isolated from methane-producing biological bacteria form a protective film on the surface of leaves, which protects the evaporation of volatile compounds of plants; some methane-producing organisms also have nitrogen-fixing functions; bacteria on the surface of plants The long-term internal existence simplifies the symbiosis between them.