Symptoms are also known as stalk rot, char rot, blight, Heigen madness, and black stalk madness. The main damage sesame young or aging tissue, mostly in the seedling stage and the incidence of flowering disease. The roots of the diseased seedlings at the seedling stage became brown, and the shoots wilted and died. The young stems had dense black spots. At the end of the flowering period, the disease begins to develop from the root and spreads toward the stem, sometimes spreading from the base of the petiole and spreading to the stem. The roots and roots of infected roots became brown, and the cortex was covered with black sclerotia, causing the roots to die. Stems infected mostly in the middle and lower parts. They were immersed in yellowish-brown water. They spread quickly around the stems one week later. The center has a silver-gray luster, with dense black dots, and a large number of small sclerotia and stems under the epidermis and pith. Stalk hollow easily broken. The sick culm was dead and the pods were dark brown and dry. The diseased seeds had small black punctiform sclerotia. Pathogen Macrophomina phaseoli (Maubl.) Ashby. Called bean shell spores, is a fungus of the subphylum Fungi. The strain forms conidiospoiesis on hosts such as sesame and leguminous plants and is located beneath the epidermal stratum corneum of the host. It is elliptic to nearly spherical, dark brown, with a size of 112-224112-200 (μm). The conidia unit cells are colorless, oval, 18-297-10 (μm) in size, and contain oil spheres. The bacteria can only form small sclerotia on other hosts. The sclerotia are spherical to irregularly shaped and dark brown with a size of 48-11248-96 (μm). The mycelial growth temperature is 30-32°C. Conidial germination temperature 25-30 °C. There are different physiological races for this bacterium. In addition phoma sesami Saw. called sesame stem mildew is also the pathogen of the disease. Transmission Pathways and Pathogenic Conditions Germs have wintered on the seeds, soil and diseased bodies with conidiospores or small sclerotia. The rate of seed colonization of diseased plants is 48%, 87% of pathogens on overwintering disease plants can survive, and small sclerotia in soil can survive for 2 years. The sclerotia germinated when the temperature was 25°C and the humidity was high. The mycelium was used for the initial infection and the conidia were used for re-dyeing. The bacteria invaded the wound, roots, and leaves, and the conidia germinated directly after germination. When the temperature is 25°C, the incubation period is 6-8 days. During the period of sesame growth, the disease has three stages: disease-resistance-sensation, ie, disease stage at the seedling stage, disease-resistance stage before budding to the top of the knot, and disease after knotting. The peak season of the year occurs in the hot season, and conidia are produced 8-10 days after onset. The difference in disease resistance of sesame varieties is obvious. The planting of susceptible varieties, large amounts of bacteria, and temperatures above 25°C facilitates the invasion and expansion of germs. Heavy rainfall from July to August is heavy. The rainfall from July to August in Hubei is 50-70mm, and the rainy days are 3-8 days. The average incidence rate is less than 5%, which is a small occurrence year. Ten days of rainfall more than 130mm, 7 days or so rain, the incidence rate is higher than 20%, is a major year. Over dense planting, partial nitrogen fertilizer application, and high rate of disease on the seeds. Prevention methods (1) Selection of Zhongzhi No.7, Zhongzhi No.8, Zhongzhi No.9, Henan No.1, Yuzhi No.1, Yuzhi No.3, Yuzhi No.4, Yuzhi No.5, Dongping sesame, Linyi culm, An Zhizhi No.1, An Zhi Zhi No.3, Stationery No.1, Stationery No.2, Rhinoceros Horn, Yiyang Bai, Cangshan Sesame, Ningjin Daguai, Funan Sesame and other disease-resistant or disease-resistant varieties. In addition, although China's farmer varieties such as Bawangbian, Alone moss, and wolf tail, the yield is not high, the disease resistance is very strong. (2) Use seeds of 0.2% of 50% carbendazim WP or 50% benomyl WP, 80% WP WP to control seedling stem blight effectively. (3) Adult plants use 36% Thiophanate-containing Suspension 600x or 50% Benomyl WP 1500x, 70% Thiophanate-methyl Wettable Powder, 50% Carbendazim Wet powder 600-700 times liquid, 40% chlorothalonil suspension (Shuntianxing No. 1) 600 times liquid (Beijing Shunyi County Pesticide Factory) spray stems, scorpion, control efficiency up to 90%. In addition, spraying 1:1: 150-fold Bordeaux mixture or 47% Garnett's wettable powder, and 12% green buttermilk cream 600 times is also effective. Screen display vein finder,High Quality Screen display vein finder,Screen display vein finder Details, CN Wuxi Biomedical Technology Co.,Ltd , https://www.wxbiomedical.com