Musk breeding technology


Musk breeding technology

The larvae of flies are called fly larvae. The fly larvae feed on livestock and poultry excrement, and the growth and reproduction are very fast. Artificial breeding does not require a lot of equipment. Indoor and outdoor, urban and rural areas can be cultured. High-tech breeding of sterile fly larvae can be used as a condition for comprehensive development; temporarily, high-tech rural specialized households cannot be used; no flies can be reared; natural flies can be directly induced to lay eggs; and fresh locusts can be directly bred to solve special breeding farms. Need for live food.

I. Domestic and foreign fly aphid breeding The fly’s reproductive ability ranks in the front rank among insects. The fly maggot protein is a high-quality white, not only a good quality feed, but also can extract protein powder, develop advanced nutrition products, aerospace foods, and medicines. Artificial breeding of flies originated in the late 1970s and early 1980s. In the United States and other developed countries have now achieved mechanized factory production of fly maggots. In the suburbs of Miami, USA, a flies farm was built to produce sterile fly maggots, which in turn drove livestock and livestock farming, promoted planting, derived feed processing, industrial extraction, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and food processing. Field business. Experts from China’s Huazhong Agricultural University have found that after processing by special techniques, antibacterial active proteins, compound amino acids, eucalyptus oil, and chitin can be extracted from the fly lice. These substances enable flies to have a strong immune system against germs and therefore have a wide range of uses in medicine, health care products, and chemical industries. At present, the most direct use of fly larvae is as feed. In the former Soviet Union, North Korea and the United States, there are many chicken farms and fisheries that have larvae workshops. Feed Research Institute of Beijing, China is also pilot plant production of fly maggots, Tianjin, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Wuhan and other provinces and municipalities (autonomous regions) are actively developing maggot breeding industry.
Second, the effect of fly maggot as feed maggot powder crude protein content of up to 56% to 63% (average of 59.5%), fat 13%, 7% ash, sugar 3.1%. As a high-protein feed, the nutritional level of fly maggots is comparable to the best imported Peruvian fishmeal, 1.3 times that of soybean cake and 1.9 times that of bone meal. With 15% of crude protein and 5.8% of crude fat, it can not only directly feed conventional pigs, chickens, ducks, and fish, but also special animals such as shrimp, crab, cockroach, scutellaria, American frog, bullfrog, seven-star fish, and spot-fish. , turtles and other best live bait.
The fly larvae are easy to cultivate, low in cost, and short in cycle. 2000 grams of feces can produce 500 grams of fly maggots. 1 cubic meter fly cage can produce about 150 grams a day. With 10 fly cages with upper and lower layers, 20-25 kg of fresh oysters can be obtained every day. The production of 1000 grams of fresh oysters costs only 0.14 yuan. Calculated with 4 kilograms of fresh alfalfa equivalent to 1000 grams of fish meal, only 30% of the price of fishmeal. According to the Beijing Feed Research Institute, the average daily production of fly larvae is 9.75 kg on an area of ​​18 square meters. The experiment was carried out on chickens fed a variety of fly maggot feeds, 10% fly maggots were added to the feed, and 10% fish meal was added to the control group feeds. As a result, the egg production rate of the former was 20.3% higher than that of the latter, and the feed reward was increased by 15.8%. Feeding piglets with 100 g of fly larvae resulted in a weight gain of 7% and a cost reduction of 13.2% compared to feeding the same amount of Peruvian fishmeal.
After the large-scale production of the fly larvae was carried out by the farms of the Guangxi Bureau of Labor Administration, the average daily output of fresh maggots was 300 kg. Each day, the fish was fed with 5% of the body weight of E. officinalis. After 10 days, the body weight of fish increased from 65 to 175 grams per tail, and the weight gain rate was 41% higher than that of the control group fed the conventional feed. Pig formula feed was prepared instead of the same amount of fish meal with earthworm powder. Pigs in the experimental group gained 5.1% in weight gain, and lean protein content in pigs was increased by 5%. Chicken meal was prepared instead of fish meal (by the same amount) and fed with 1 month old broiler. The survival rate is increased by 9%, the weight gain is increased by 20%, the feed cost is reduced by 7%, and the feed is saved by 20% to 40%. A farmer in Fenglin Village, Shantou Township, Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province, used bamboo rafts to set up fly cages, raised cages to 14 cages, and produced 30 kg of fly maggots, enough to feed 1,000 turtles. Since the "floating" of the fly into the ecological chain, his cost of raising turtles has decreased by nearly half, and the annual output value has doubled.

The cultivation of economical animals requires a large amount of animal protein feed. However, the high feed prices have caused economic crisis in the farms. In fact, the largest feed expenditure is animal protein feed. Is there any way to reduce the cost of purchasing animal protein feed and achieve a good breeding effect? ​​The use of livestock manure to raise fly maggots not only saves the animal's excrement for environmental protection, but also produces a large amount of protein feed, which can be large Increase the economic efficiency of farms.


â–  Experts

Green insects are rare high protein feeds

What are the benefits of feeding chickens with flies rather than ordinary feeds? Huang Jianli told reporters that under the same basic feed conditions, each chicken was fed with 10 g of fly maggots, the egg production rate was increased by 10.1%, the consumption of feed per kilogram of eggs was reduced by 0.44 kilograms, and the feed was saved by 58.07 kilograms, with an average of 1.4 kilograms per day. The wolfberry can increase the production of 1 kilogram of eggs, and the chicken is less ill, and the survival rate is 20% higher than that of the compound feed.

Professor Chen of the Life Science Department of the Huizhou University stated that fly maggots, as living feeds, have neither hormones nor pesticide residues. They are rare high-protein green insect feeds. Chickens raised are ideal health foods. In addition, the eggs produced by fly-feeding chickens are called “ecological eggs”. They not only taste good, but also have low cholesterol. Although they are as large as ordinary eggs, after opening, the egg-yolks become red, the egg-whites are yellow, and the egg-yolks are Egg white is very thick. Teacher Chen also said that people in Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, and Henan had already used fly maggots to feed chickens, and Qingyuan also had a fly frog green chicken farm. This kind of chicken and "ecological eggs" are increasingly favored by consumers.

Aseptic fly maggots - Aquaculture

Musca domestica, Musca domestica larva (Musadomestica L), has no head and feet and is white in color. The fly maggot is rich in protein and has a complete range of essential amino acids. It is a new, inexpensive feed protein source. At present, although the scale and output of aquiculture in China have leapt to the top in the world, they are faced with a series of problems such as deterioration of the aquaculture environment, frequent occurrence of diseases, and shortage of feed sources, especially the problem of feed sources, resulting in aquaculture in China. The healthy development of the industry. With the rapid development of the aquaculture industry, the shortage of protein feed has become the bottleneck of its development. There is a serious shortage of protein feed resources in China. At present, there is a shortage of protein feed. In 1996 and 1997, China accounted for 27% of the world’s total imports of fishmeal, which accounted for 27% of the world’s largest total imports of fishmeal. It is the world’s largest importer of fishmeal. There is a growing desire for a cheap source of feed protein to replace fishmeal and soy to ease the pressure caused by the lack of feed ingredients.

The flies have strong reproductive capacity and have great potential for protein production. It is estimated that a pair of flies can breed for 10-20 generations a year, 260 billion fly larvae can be produced in four months, and a total of 600 tons of pure protein can be produced. Therefore, fly larvae are developed as The new feed protein source is one of the ways to alleviate the lack of raw materials for aquatic feed protein in China. Studies have shown that fly plague is not only a high-quality aquatic feed, but also has many other aspects, which also brought new hope for the healthy development of China's aquaculture industry.

1. Aquatic animal growth accelerator

The fly maggot contains 64.6% crude protein, which is 33.8% higher than the crude protein content of domestic fishmeal, and the nutritional value of fly maggot is 3 times higher than that of the crude egg. It is rich in mineral elements such as aluminum, potassium, sodium, manganese, copper, etc. It is also rich in amino acids.

Experiments have shown that many animals fed with fly larvae have greater weight gain than well-known Peruvian fishmeal. Under the same conditions, the amount of grass carp was increased by 20.08%; with fly maggot feeding on soft-shelled turtles, the rate of weight gain was 120.79% higher than that of feeding hen's eggs. The use of fly larvae as feed additives can significantly reduce feed costs and feed usage and improve feed quality. Therefore, both in terms of nutritional value and cost, fly maggots have great advantages, and are high-quality, inexpensive feed additives.

Zhou Yongfu et al. (1997) used Chinese fly puffer to feed Chinese sturgeon clams within one month. The average weight gain was 4.53 g, and the average weight gain rate was 160.27%. The average weight gain was about the amount of egg yolk. 3.8 times. Therefore, the development and utilization of fly maggot protein feeds will open new avenues for the production of aquaculture protein feed in China. It has been reported in the literature that the use of fly maggots feeds on bullfrogs, and that bullfrogs grow rapidly, have fewer diseases, and their meat quality has improved significantly. Production practices have proven that using fly maggots to feed shrimp, astragalus, grass carp and special aquatic products can produce good results.

At present, in the aquaculture industry in China, both mariculture and freshwater aquaculture are faced with problems such as poor feed quality and unbalanced nutrition. After feeding the cultured animals, not only the utilization rate is low, but also the water body is polluted, resulting in excessively high nutrient levels in the water bodies. A large number of pathogenic microorganisms have caused aquatic animal diseases, causing the lagging development of the entire aquaculture industry. The development of sterile fly aphids, the use of fly larvae instead of protein raw materials such as soybeans and miscellaneous fish, changes in the current lack of natural food resources, reduce the incidence of aquatic animal diseases, in order to promote the healthy development of aquaculture.

2. Aquatic animal natural antibacterial agents

In recent years, with the continuous intensification of the aquaculture industry in China, the problem of aquatic animal diseases has become a major bottleneck restricting its rapid development. Studies have confirmed that fly maggots are not only nutritious but also contain various valuable ingredients such as antimicrobial peptides, lectins, interferons, and chitin. Antimicrobial peptide is a special substance in the body of fly larvae that can resist the invasion of bacteria, can resist the invasion of the original bacteria, has a strong bactericidal effect, as a livestock feed, is a natural antibiotic.

When Wang et al. (2002) studied the table, the use of fly larvae to feed prawn-infected shrimp can significantly delay the time of death of the shrimp, and feeding healthy shrimp can significantly improve the anti-infective ability of prawn against baculovirus. The phenoloxidase system of shrimp. Lai Fan et al (1999) studied the bacteriostatic effect of chitin from fly larvae and found that the polysaccharides against Staphylococcus aureus, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and citrus canker ( The growth of bacteria such as Xanthomonas citri is inhibited. Xia Wenshui et al. (1996) found that chitin oligosaccharides have inhibitory effects on common bacteria, molds, and yeasts in foods. The sensitivity of different tested bacteria to chitosan oligosaccharides is different, and bacteria are easily inhibited. Secondly, the yeast strains have slightly less inhibitory effects on molds, and amino acid and amino protonation and relative molecular weight are the main factors affecting their antibacterial activity.

With chitin polysaccharides as natural antibiotics and light-increasing feed additives, it can not only reduce the use of antibiotics, but also avoid the production of pathogenic microorganisms and produce no residual aquatic products. Its significance is significant and its prospects are very broad.

3, aquatic animal immunity enhancer

The flies can be extracted from the epidermis and clam shells. Chitin is widely used in high-tech fields such as industry, medicine, food, and defense.

Lei Chaoliang et al. (1997) showed that 2% of flies chitosan solution had a variety of immunomodulatory effects through 5 immunomodulatory tests. It can increase the ratio of thymus P body and body mass of the spleen P, so that the cellular immune (DTH), humoral immunity (HC50), mononuclear-macrophage function, and NK cell activity are enhanced, and the optimal effective dose thereof. About 10ml/kg body weight.

At present, aquaculture diseases are raging at random and present an explosive trend. In the face of drug control deficiencies, aquatic scientists have invested considerable human and financial resources in researching vaccines to counter the occurrence of diseases. The fly larvae are fly larvae and are extremely high-value immunostimulants—natural vaccines. In the future, research on the immune mechanisms should be strengthened to improve the use methods and approaches so that their immune effects are fully reflected in the aquaculture industry. The development of aquaculture brings new hope.

4. Aquatic feed natural preservatives

Aquatic animal diseases, in addition to water sources and animals themselves, are a key factor in aquafeeds. The so-called disease from the mouth and eating unhygienic bait is a major cause of disease in animals. Feed cleaning is determined by the production process and the preservation process, especially the formulated feed. Its production is through a high temperature process. Because the feed is highly nutritious, it is most likely to breed microorganisms, such as bacteria, mold and actinomycetes. As a result, animals become ill. At present, the preservatives used in most aquafeeds are chemical substances, which can easily cause adverse effects such as drug residues and affect the quality of aquatic products. In addition, some preservatives are toxic and may also have pathogenic effects.

Wang Jiazhen and others studied the preservation effect of the fly maggot chitosan water solvent on tomato, green pepper and eggplant. The results showed that the physiological and biochemical indexes of the three vegetables treated with fly maggot chitosan preservative were better than those of the blank control group. It shows that fly maggot chitosan can reduce the moisture loss of vegetables, limit its respiration and reduce nutrient losses. In the process of feed preservation, especially some small-sized raw fish and wet-cured homemade food (Oregonmoistpellet), the improper preservation of the pathogenic microorganisms is most likely to occur. Adding fly maggot chitosan as a feed preservative to these feeds and storing them under the same conditions can not only prolong the shelf life of these feeds, but also reduce the growth of pathogens and reduce the incidence of diseases. To save the role of aquatic food bait to achieve full use of the purpose. Therefore, practical research in these areas should be strengthened to lay a solid foundation for the safe and effective use of aquatic feed.


Huge breeding opportunities for fly maggots


The fly maggots feed on sterile fly maggots, maggots and maggots, and fly maggot cultivation techniques. 【1】 The development and utilization of fly maggot protein is a constituent of life. Protein insufficiency is one of the four major crises in the world today. The development of a new biological resource must have prerequisites such as pollution-free, high production potential, high protein content, easy production, low cost, and high efficiency. Numerous nutritional studies have demonstrated that insects are rich in protein, have few fibers, and are rich in microelements and are easily absorbed. In particular, the body is rich in essential amino acids. The fats contained are mostly soft fats and unsaturated fatty acids, and have good digestion performance. They are the largest animal protein resources superior to meat and eggs and have great potential for development. Since insects are easy to raise and manage, and have the characteristics of efficiently turning food into body weight (the conversion rate can be as high as 30%, which is 4 times that of grazing sheep), the exploitation and utilization of this natural resource should be sufficient for people. Pay attention. In addition, due to the high protein content in insects, it is easy to extract high-quality, high-quality protein, which not only expands the scope of application in aquaculture, but also expands the scope of application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Among the insects, silkworm pupae powder, fly pupae powder, etc., which have the most development value and can form large-scale production. The fly maggot powder has a crude protein content of 63% and is rich in essential amino acids. It is a newly emerging high-quality, high-protein feed in recent years. It can also be used to produce waste from livestock and poultry manure, which has a low cost. Domestic and foreign large-scale factory production. 【2】The economic value of fly maggots in feed The fly maggot is a comprehensive high-quality protein resource of nutrients. Analysis and test results showed that fly maggots contain 55%-65% of crude protein and 2.6%-12% of fat. No matter raw material or dry powder, the crude protein content of fly maggot is similar to that of fresh fish, fish meal and meat and bone meal. Slightly higher, the nutrient composition of fly maggot is more comprehensive, containing 17 kinds of amino acids required by animals, and the content of each amino acid is higher than fish meal, and the content of essential amino acid and methionine is 2.3 times that of fish meal and 2. At 7 times, the lysine content is 2.6 times that of fishmeal. The total amount of essential amino acids in the fly maggots and dry powders was 44.09% and 43.83%, respectively, exceeding the reference value of 40% proposed by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization, and the total number of essential and non-essential amino acids The values ​​were 0.79 and 0.78, respectively, which exceeded the reference value of 0.6 proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization. At the same time, fly maggots also contain a variety of trace elements required for life activities, such as iron, zinc, manganese, phosphorus, cobalt, chromium, nickel, boron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, selenium, tellurium and so on. Musca domestica is an excellent animal protein feed that replaces fish meal. Feeding tests confirmed that the use of fly larvae instead of some or all of the fish meal as feed to feed livestock, fish, etc. have achieved a good breeding effect. If the other conditions were exactly the same, feeding 10% of the fly maggot powder and 10% of the fish meal to the laying hens respectively, the feeding rate of the fly licking meal group was 20.3% higher than that of the feeding fish meal group, and the feed conversion rate was raised 15. In 8%, each chicken increased its income by 72.3%. When the basic diet was the same, 100 grams of fish meal was fed to each pig every day. As a result, the weight of the pigs fed the ground meal increased by 7.18% compared to that of the fish meal. The cost per 1kg of weight gain decreased by 13.2%, and the protein content of lean meat was 5% higher than that of fishmeal. The use of 25% fly larvae powder to feed grass carp fed the grass carp was better than feeding 20% ​​of Peruvian fishmeal. The fish body weight gain rate increased by 20.8%, protein efficiency increased by 16.4%, and the cost per 1kg of fish decreased by 0.29 yuan. These results fully demonstrate that fly maggot is an ideal animal protein feed and is the best alternative to fish meal. The fly maggot is a delicious live bait for special economic animals. Experiments show that fly maggots can be used as a variety of economic animal fresh live bait, can be directly fed into the special economic animals like oysters, frogs and other live food and feed, but also can replace the fish meal in mixed feed. For example, if appropriate amount of live fly larvae is fed into the mixed feed, feeding crabs, forest frogs, fish, shrimp, cockroaches, scutellaria, eels, cockroaches, otters, etc., the growth is significantly accelerated and the yield increase effect is good. The fly larvae fed the shells for one month and had an average weight gain of 4.53 grams each, and the weight gain rate was 160.27%; while the larvae fed egg yolks gained 1.2 grams, the weight gain rate was 42.61%, the former is 3.8 times that of the latter.

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