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1. Funnel-shaped crystallizer 1) Geometry DeMarc's ISP process* generation of curved crystallizer, the upper part is vertical section, the lower part is curved section, the side panel is adjustable, the upper section is rectangular, and the size is (60 -80) mm × (650-1330) mm. The Avidi plant in Italy adopted this process and slightly modified it. The shape of the upper section was changed from the original parallel plate shape to the small funnel shape.
The funnel-shaped crystallizer used in the CSP process of SMS Siemag has parallel sections on both sides of the wide side of the upper mouth, and is connected to the circular arc section. This funnel shape is maintained to a length of 700 mm in the crystallizer and a slab thickness of 50-70 mm at the exit of the crystallizer.
2) Main features The funnel-shaped crystallizer breaks the same limitation of the conventional slab continuous casting mold in any cross section, and the shape and size of the solidified shell in the crystallizer cavity change according to the law that the non-rectangular section gradually shrinks. However, when the molten steel solidifies in the crystallizer, deformation occurs, especially the stress generated by mechanical deformation during the drawing process may cause cracks in the solid-liquid interface, and the quality of the hot rolled coil is finally affected. Therefore, the ideal shape of the funnel-shaped crystallizer is to minimize the bending deformation rate of the two-phase region between the shells, so that the solid-liquid deformation rate of the shell is smaller than the critical strain rate at which the crack occurs.
2, H2 crystallizer 1) Geometry Italian Danieli company FISC process is the representative of the FISC process is the internal volume up, the flow of molten steel is large, and there is a better natural deceleration effect of molten steel. The crystallizer has a length of 1200 mm, a width of 1220-1620 mm, and a thickness of 50, 60, 65, 70 mm.
2) Main features The crystallizer drum shape runs through the entire copper plate from top to bottom and continues to the middle of the sector I segment. At the exit of the crystallizer, a set of perforated rolls is specially designed for leveling the shape of the bulge of the slab. The length of the equipment for leveling the slab of the slab is twice as long as that of the continuous casting machine. The stress on the shell is greatly reduced compared to the bulging of the shell by the crystallizer alone. And the internal volume of the H2 crystallizer is increased, and it can hold more molten steel. At the same time, the upper part of the crystallizer is increased in size, which makes the shape design of the nozzle more reasonable, ensures the liquid level in the crystallizer, improves the lubrication effect of the mold flux, improves the heat exchange condition, increases the drawing speed, and reduces the tendency of cracking.
3. Parallel plate-shaped straight crystallizer 1) Geometric shape The Austrian Steel Company's CONROLL process is its representative.
The parallel plate-shaped straight crystallizer of the CONROLL process, the immersion nozzle is also flat, and the molten steel flows out from both sides of the nozzle. The section size of the crystallizer is (70-135) mm × 1500 mm.
2) Main features The cross-section of the parallel plate-shaped straight crystallizer is a congruent rectangle from top to bottom. When the thickness of the slab is thin, the shell stress caused by the deformation of the slab can be avoided, and the width and In the length direction, the heat of the crystallizer ensures uniform loss.
The funnel-shaped crystallizer, the H2 crystallizer, and the parallel plate-shaped straight crystallizer each have their own characteristics. From the perspective of the force of the shell, the parallel plate-shaped straight crystallizer is superior to the funnel-shaped and H2 crystallizer. The shape and H2 crystallizer are superior to the parallel plate shape straight crystallizer. At present, domestic research and development is mainly concentrated in a funnel-shaped crystallizer, and is applied to a plurality of thin slab continuous casting and rolling production lines. In the future, attention should be paid to H2 crystallizers and parallel plate-shaped straight crystallizers.
The main classification and characteristics of crystallizer
The core of thin slab and medium-thin slab continuous casting technology is the crystallizer. There are mainly the following types of research on crystallizers: