How to grow spatholobus? Spatholobus suberectus is a traditional medicinal material in China. It treats rheumatoid and sacral pain, irregular menstruation, stagnation of blood, numbness, phlegm, rheumatism and so on. It is also a raw material for many clinical drugs, and the market demand is huge. First, nursery The spatholobus seedlings are generally divided into two methods: real seedlings and cuttings. In the natural state, the seed setting rate of spatholobus suberectus is very low, the collection is difficult, and it is difficult to scale the seedlings; the test tube culture technique is difficult, the input is high, and the risk is high. It is more convenient and economical to cut seedlings. (1) Site selection: According to the growth environment of spatholobus suberectus, you can choose an altitude of 500 meters below sea level, convenient drainage and irrigation, gentle leeward slope or field as a seedbed for seedlings, and it is better to use deep sandy soil. In the first winter of the year, the soil was deepened and most of the pests that survived the winter in the soil were frozen. In the next year, 300-500 kg of farmyard manure or 50-100 kg of compound fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer per acre, and the seedling bed is turned upside down. The width of the seedbed is 1.2 m and the height is 20-30 cm. Leveling, spraying disinfection with 5% potassium permanganate solution, digging the drainage ditch between and around the seedbed, requiring smooth drainage, no water in the trench. Cover the seedbed with a black mulch, and spread the soil around it and compact the mud. (2) Cutting preparation: Before the sprouting of the spatholobus sinensis, choose the 1-2 year old lignified branches with no disease and insect pests as the cuttings, and the collected branches should be moisturized in time. Cut the branches into 15-20cm, with at least 2 buds of the stem segments, cut off the leaves, the base of the branches should be obliquely cut at 45 degrees, and the top is flattened to distinguish the head and tail. The top cut is about 1 cm from the bud eye. The cutting is collected and the whole process is completed in 3 to 4 days. (3) Cutting: Align the cuttings and tie them well. Before the cutting, the ABT-2 rooting agent or the indole acetic acid rooting agent diluted solution was used to infuse for 20 minutes, and the depth of the infusion was about 3 cm. Then take out the moisture of the base of the drying base. Before cutting, use a sharp wooden strip to make a row spacing of 15 * 15 cm. Take a small hole in the "plum blossom shape" (the plum blossom shape can make the seedlings staggered from each other to facilitate photosynthetic Function), then insert the cuttings into the soil at an angle of 45 degrees along the angle between the previously prepared holes and the ground. The length of the intrusion is two-thirds of the entire branch, and at least one of the buds is exposed. After about 10-15 days, the spatholobus stem cuttings begin to take root. Because there is mulch film covering, soil moisture loss is very small, so watering irrigation is exempted; black film heat absorption and heat preservation is 5-10 days earlier than rooting with common method cutting, and the black film transmittance is less than 5%, so weeds cannot be carried out. Photosynthesis is difficult to grow, so artificial weeding can be eliminated. It is estimated that the cost of watering irrigation and 6 manual weeding in the early stage of cutting blood vines accounts for about 30% of the total cost. Using the mulching film cutting technique, it is only necessary to weed one time after uncovering the film (saving 5 times of weeding cost), and deducting the cost of purchasing the film, which is about 45% less than the cost of cutting seedlings with ordinary technology. (4) Breeding time: generally choose between February and May, preferably around 20 days before and after the Ching Ming period. At this time, the temperature is not high and the rain is sufficient, so the survival rate of seedlings is the highest. (5) Management of overcasting watering: After cutting, spray water evenly on the seedbed and pour it thoroughly. Then take a shade of 2.5 meters, use a shade net with a shading rate of about 60%. When the tender seedlings are 10 cm, spray the foliar fertilizer on a cloudy afternoon. After 90 days, spray with 3% compound fertilizer to promote the growth of young seedlings and roots (Note: spray with water once after spraying to avoid foliar fertilizer). After June, the temperature gradually increased, and the soil was enriched with carbon dioxide to form silt, which easily caused vomiting. It is necessary to remove the mulch film in time and burn the abandoned mulch film to avoid polluting the environment. After the film was uncovered, the weeds on the seedbed were basically not germinated, and at this time, the spatholobus seedlings had begun to grow, and the weeds had formed a competitive advantage. In the future, weeding once or avoiding weeding depends on the growth of spatholobus, which greatly saves costs. (6) Disease prevention and control: Root rot is easy to occur in the rainy season of seedling stage, and the affected cutting seedlings are reddish brown. Finally, the root bark rots, and the branches and leaves on the ground are withered and killed. It can be sprayed with 50% carbendazim 1000 times every 20 days after cutting, which can effectively prevent and cure. Pests are rare in the cutting seedling growth period. Occasionally, small larva or chafer larvae bite the roots, and can use 2~3 kg of 50% phoxim particles per acre or spray 40% lesbian emulsifiable concentrate 1000~2000 times night, 75% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times liquid; small The tiger has special preference for sugar, vinegar, honey, wine and other sweet and fragrant substances. It can also be set up with sweet and sour liquid to kill: 6 parts of sugar, 3 parts of vinegar, 1 part of white wine, 10 parts of water and appropriate amount of dichlorvos. It was placed in the nursery at dusk. After the rainy season, the roots of the cutting seedlings have been developed, the branches began to be lignified, and the drought resistance was significantly enhanced. At this time, the shading shed can be removed, the seedlings can be refined, and the high temperature and drought resistance of the cutting seedlings can be improved. At the same time, the abandoned sunshade net should be burned out and not thrown away to avoid polluting the environment. (7) Management of seedlings for wintering: The spatholobus sinensis is not cold-tolerant. When the temperature is below zero, frostbite will occur and the dead seedling will be caused. Must work hard to prevent cold: 1 Scaffolding for cold protection, building a greenhouse with a span of about 10 meters, generally requires the use of 7 sets of columns. If the highest column height in the middle of the arch shed is 3 meters, then the adjacent second set of columns is 3 meters high, and the third set of column heights At 2 meters, the height of the side column is 1 meter, and the depth of the column is about 50 cm, and the distance between the middle set of columns is 2.2 meters from the second set of columns. The second set of columns and the third set of columns The spacing is 2 meters, and the distance between the third group of columns and the side columns is preferably 2.3 meters. The size of the arch shed can be flexibly adjusted according to the width of the block. The columns are fixed by bamboo pieces, and then a layer of thermal insulation film is laid on the surface for compaction. Through the arch shed thus constructed, a better degree of camber can be achieved. This method is more difficult to construct, time-consuming and labor-intensive, but the cold-proof effect is good. 2 Straw Covering Method: After harvesting rice, the straw is dried and piled up for later use. Cover the spatholobus leaves to spray 2% slaked lime water. When the water evaporates and the white coagulum appears on the leaf surface, the dry straw can be evenly laid, and the thickness can be vaguely seen below. The vine branches and leaves are suitable, not too thick. This method is easy to operate, can be taken locally, saves costs, and can effectively prevent cold. Second, the transplanting (1) Site selection: When the tender seedlings grow to 40-50 cm or more, transplanting can be carried out. Generally, it is best to choose April-May, because the weather is warm and the rain is abundant to help the seedlings survive. Use viscous yellow mud roots to keep the roots moist, and cut off two-thirds of the leaves to reduce water evaporation and increase survival rate. According to the characteristics of spatholobus stems that grow in dense forests, hillsides and streams, and prefer to entangle them in other trees, it is best to cultivate them under broad-leaved forest or Chinese fir forest. (2) Planting methods: 1 Drill more than 10 days in advance in the forest under the distance of 2 meters * 2 meters, the depth of the pit is about 30 cm, the width is 40 * 50 cm or more. Put 5 kg of farmyard manure or 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer into the pit to make base fertilizer, and then cover with a layer of fine soil, about 200 seedlings per mu. 2 Choose rainy or cloudy planting, place the twigs up in the pit, fully spread the roots, then cover the soil and use the foot to solidify, then pour a fixed amount of water. During the period of management, if it is dry, it needs to be watered in time until it survives and grows. Third, post management After the seedlings survive, the weeds in the forest are removed in time. The weeding of loose soil adopts the artificial method. After loosening the soil, the litter leaves and the like are covered in time to avoid the surface soil being exposed. In the steep slopes where local soil erosion is severe, the strength and depth of the loose soil are appropriately reduced. In July and August, it was the most vigorous growth of spatholobus. At this time, it is advisable to hurry up and topdress once: about 30 cm away from the root of the spatholobus stem (if the distance is too short, it will cause burning seedlings), digging the fertilization ditch to apply fertilizer, and putting 5 kg of farmyard manure or 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer into the pit, after application Immediately cover the soil to prevent the fertilizer from being exposed to the water and polluted by the rain. After planting, the spatholobus sinensis is rarely afflicted, mainly because caterpillars and other pests eat away from the leaves. It is preferred to use non-polluted pesticides for killing. The prevention and treatment method is based on biological control, reducing the use of pesticides as much as possible, and avoiding a wide range of spraying and application. Do not use highly toxic and long-lasting pesticides. 3 Recyclable packaging materials such as fertilizer packaging bags and pesticide bottles should be recycled. Packaging bags, pesticide bottles and simple tools that cannot be reused should be recycled and discarded. Through the above environmental protection measures, the negative impacts of pesticides and garbage on the environment can be minimized. Since then, the spatholobus sinensis has entered a period of vigorous growth, growing rapidly, with more than 5 branches. Each year, new long branches are more than 2 meters long. In the following year, the spatholobus has climbed onto the broad-leaved trees or the trunk branches of the firs, covering the entire understory of the forest, and the weeds have been unable to grow. Due to the perennial evergreen woody vine deciduous plants, the succulent leaves are often formed by falling leaves on the ground, the soil becomes more fertile, the forest health will be significantly improved, the forest conservation water source, and the ecological protection effect of maintaining soil and water will be more improved. Good play has a positive meaning for a good ecological environment. Fourth, harvest The medicinal cane of spatholobus sinensis has basically reached the requirements of commercial medicinal materials after planting for 3-5 years under the forest. Generally, each plant will have more than 5 branches, and only one of them will be harvested each year, and the rest will continue to grow; so that it will reciprocate and recycle every year to achieve the purpose of recycling. It can be harvested all year round. It is best to choose autumn and winter seasons. After harvesting, wash and dry the skin moisture, then cut it by hand or mechanically and dry it. The above is the whole content of the spatholobus spatholobi today. Welcome the friends of the pharmacists who have ideas to visit the peasant network to learn more. More Chinese herbal medicine planting technology is available in Huinong.com! 2004-2021 New Laser Distance Sensor
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