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Eight key technologies for reducing bait coefficient in aquaculture
The bait coefficient is also called the feed coefficient. This refers to the ratio of the amount of feed that is fed to the total net increase in production. The smaller the ratio, the smaller the amount of feed used to increase production per unit of aquatic product. Therefore, the smaller the ratio, ie, the lower the bait coefficient, is to reduce feed costs and increase the economic benefits of farming. In the breeding process, reducing the bait coefficient is a systematic project that runs through the entire process of aquaculture production. The key technologies to reduce the bait coefficient are described below: 1. Improved farming methods, adopting new breeding techniques With the advancement of science and technology, high-yielding new breeding techniques are emerging. For example, in the current freshwater aquaculture, the 80:20 high-quality eating fish-based breeding technology is being promoted; in the marine fish culture, the cage culture technology is adopted; in the shrimp culture, the shrimp seedling fertilizer underwater pond is used to cultivate the planktonic plankton. For the shrimp body feeding technology, etc., are all advanced breeding techniques that reduce the feed coefficient and increase the breeding efficiency. Second, choose a good breed with high growth rate and high feed conversion ratio. According to the comparative test, the breeding of pure and virgin silver oysters is the same as that of common squid or sterilized silver bream. The yield should be reduced by more than 30% of the bait factor; in the case of shrimps reared by distant relatives that are stocked and no virus is infected, the survival rate and growth rate must be significantly increased, and the bait coefficient should be reduced accordingly; the Chinese mitten of the Yangtze River system should be stocked. Crabs, under the same feed and other conditions, their weight gain rate and overall yield, individual specifications are better than other water system crabs, and the feed coefficient is much lower. Third, establish a good water environment conditions, benign ecological farming. Prevent water pollution and create an excellent water environment. Ensure the normal growth of cultured organisms, effectively reduce the bait coefficient, improve the quality and quantity of the products, and achieve the goal of producing green aquatic products, and increase the economic benefits of breeding. 2. Increasing dissolved oxygen in water and reducing harmful gas concentration are effective measures to reduce the bait coefficient. The fish's feed coefficient at 3.0 mg/l of dissolved oxygen is increased by a factor of four over 4.0 mg/l. 3. Pay attention to the effect of water temperature changes on the bait coefficient. When we feed the feed, we must increase or decrease the amount of feed as the water temperature rises or falls in order to achieve the best bait coefficient and reduce the cost of breeding. Fourth, scientific and reasonable stocking techniques, including stocking density, stocking object quality, stocking operation methods, etc. First of all, it is necessary to determine the appropriate stocking density based on the local climatic conditions, the water quality of the water surface, and the biological conditions, that is, the optimal stocking amount. If the density is too high, the breeding object grows in a poor water environment, and the used feed coefficient must rise. On the other hand, if the density is too thin, the potential of the water body cannot be fully exerted, the benefit of the production value decreases, and the bait coefficient also rises. 2. The stocking specifications and quality of the cultured animals are the second factor in determining the bait factor in the stocking technology. If the stocking species has good quality and strong physique, the appetite will be strong, the digestion and absorption rate will be strong, the energy conversion rate to the feed will be high, and the weight gain will be rapid, and the performance will be reduced on the bait coefficient. 3. In the rearing of ponds or inner ponds, attention should also be paid to the mutual interference behaviors between the breeds in order to avoid the decline in feed utilization. In general, after the domestication of the main fish is completed, the other fish will be released. Fifth, the feed itself, species, specifications, quality and processing technology and other factors, the impact on the bait coefficient The current feed commonly used in aquaculture production are natural, artificial two categories, should gradually promote the use of artificial feed. The quality and specifications should also be properly selected to meet the quality of the cultured animals. In aquaculture, when using artificial compound feeds for feeding, in addition to the quality of the raw materials, it is also necessary to assess the nutrient ratios and the quality of the processing techniques in the formulated formula. First of all, it is required to have good stability in water, the shrimp material should reach 4-6 hours, and the fish material requirement should reach 2 hours. The type and size of the granules should be suitable for feeding by the cultured subjects. In addition, there must be better palatability, lure and so on. In the conventional marine freshwater fish culture, generally 10 grams of the following species of fish, should choose the size of 0.5-1.5 mm of broken material for feeding; 10-15 grams of juvenile fish, should choose a particle size of 1.5-3.0 Millimeters, columnar pellets with a length of 4–5 mm are fed; at a stage above 50 g of raised fish, columnar pellets of 4–6 mm in diameter and 6–8 mm in length should be fed. Shrimp and crab feed also have corresponding special specifications. Sixth, the science of feeding and management, feeding technology can reduce the feed coefficient to determine the most appropriate feed is the most important part of feeding technology, but also a key factor in reducing the bait coefficient. Correctly use the "Four Ding" feeding method for feeding. In aquaculture, there are two types of feedstuffs: hand-injection and mechanical delivery. Regardless of species, the principle of “uniformity and slowness†should be mastered. In cage culture and industrialized aquaculture, more attention should be paid to the correct feeding method. Seven, do a good job of feed storage management, the use of feed within the warranty period in the aquaculture production, feed intake can not be too many times, at the same time to check the freshness of feed, production date, shelf life and nutritional ingredients meet the label requirements. If there are no laboratory conditions, they should be carefully identified by eye-sighting, hand-touching, nose-smelling, and taste-taking. The above measures have laid a good foundation for ensuring that the bait factor is reduced. Pay attention to the role of natural foods in reducing the artificial feed coefficient In aquaculture, we must not overlook the important role of natural foods on the growth of farmed animals today when we use full-scale artificial feed. Casting basal fertilizers, timely topdressing, and cultivating corresponding natural palatability foods at different times are still important supplements to our modern breeding and reduction of feed coefficients. According to the production practice, it is generally found that within the growth period of shrimps and crabs, if sufficient natural food is available, artificial feed can be saved by more than 1/3. For shrimp farming water with good natural food, the feed ingredient used for shrimp artificial feed can be reduced to below 1.0, which has become an important means for obtaining good economic benefits.