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Seed processing
The nutritive value of the seeded feed is very high, but in order to improve palatability and digestibility, some processing measures are taken before feeding in order to make more full use of the seeded feed. Because seed coats, glume, internal starch granule structure and some seeds contain inhibitory substances (such as anti-trypsin, etc.), it will affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the seed. 1. Grinding or crushing the whole grain-fed seed feed will reduce digestibility. Shredding is a commonly used method. Crushing can improve the digestibility and utilization of livestock. However, the size of the smashing varies depending on the species of livestock, 1 mm for pigs and aged animals, 1 to 2 mm for cattle and sheep, and 2 to 4 mm for horses. The crushed seed feed is more susceptible to moisture absorption due to its increased contact with the outside, so management must be strengthened. Second, flattening 16% of the water in the seed feed, heated to about 120 °C by hot steam, and then pressed into a sheet, after cooling with a variety of additives Serve squash. The treated seed feed has improved digestibility and energy efficiency, and has complete nutrition and good palatability. It can also be fed separately to livestock. Third, heat treatment Heat treatment can improve feed digestibility and energy utilization, but how much to increase the heating method, temperature, time, feed characteristics. Here are some of the heat processing methods. 1, cooking: beans feed contains substances that inhibit trypsin, affect the digestion of the protein. In addition, legume feed also contains bean flavor, affecting palatability. Heat treatment can improve the characteristics and palatability of soybeans, but the heating time should not be too long. The temperature of 130°C cannot exceed 20 minutes. 2, microwave heat treatment: This method is the use of infrared radiation (dry heat treatment) wavelength of 4 to 6 microns, so that the digestible energy value of feed, livestock growth rate and feed conversion rate are significantly increased. Fourth, the biological modulation method 1, saccharification: saccharification is the use of cereal seed and malt in the role of amylase, the starch in the feed is converted to maltose, thereby increasing feed palatability. 2.5 times water was added to the ground seed feed, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 55° C. to 60° C. After 4 hours, the sugar content in the feed increased to 8% to 12%. If 2% malt is added, saccharification is faster. 2. Germination: Seed germination is due to the action of enzymes, which converts the starch in the seeds into sugar and produces carotene and other vitamins. The purpose of seed germination is to supplement the lack of vitamins in the feed. When the seed begins to germinate, it first consumes carbohydrates due to increased respiration, and the proteins stored in the embryo are converted to amino acids. During this process, a variety of beneficial enzymes and vitamins such as carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C, and vitamin B2 have increased substantially. The preparation method is to prepare the germinated barley soaked in fresh water of 15° C.-16° C. for one day, and then drain the water off. The seeds are placed in pots or other containers, covered with a damp cloth and kept at a temperature of 15° C. After 3 days, roots should be removed, rinsed with fresh water, transferred to a germination dish, and kept at room temperature of 15°C to 20°C. After 6 to 8 days, the length of the shoots can reach 6-8 cm and the animals can be chopped. Feeding amount of germination feed: 20-25 grams of piglets, 250 grams of pregnant sows, 1000 grams of pregnant cows, 700-1000 grams of pregnant mares, 1,000 grams of bulls, and 3 to 4 grams of chicks. 3. Fermentation: Fermentation of the seeded feedstuff is to increase the vitamin B and various aromatic and irritating substances such as alcohol and other aromatic stimulants in the feed through the action of microorganisms, thereby improving feed palatability and nutritional value, and stimulating the improvement of livestock production performance and reproductive capacity. . Fermentation microorganisms of the seeded feed generally use yeast, so the raw material requirements are seeds rich in carbohydrates, beans should not be fermented. The fermentation method is: adding 0.5 to 1.0 kg of yeast per 100 kg of crushed seeds. First dilute the yeast with warm water, pour 100 kg of feed into the warm water of 150-200 kg (30°C-40°C) while stirring, and stir evenly. After that, stir every 30 minutes, and complete the fermentation after 6-9 hours. The thickness of the feed in the fermentation tank is preferably 30 cm, the temperature is 20°C to 27°C, and good ventilation conditions are required.