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The Three-dimensional Cultivation Technique of Winter Maize Soybean
1. The environmental factors of intercropping soybeans in winter corn require sufficient light, heat and water resources in winter and spring, temperature and sunshine to meet the growth and development requirements of corn and soybeans, good irrigation conditions, fertile soil and light texture, suitable for the development of winter crops . 2. The structural model of intercropping soybean in winter corn (1) The composite broadcast amplitude is 180cm. Winter maize 30cm spacing, plant spacing 15cm, large row spacing 150cm, number of 4940 per 667m2 plants; 2 rows of soybeans interplanted in large rows, 30cm spacing, 15 shoots between rice (plant spacing 6~7cm), maize and The spacing between soybeans is 60cm, and 11,000 plants per 667 square meters. (2) composite broadcast 210cm. The winter maize has a small row spacing of 30cm, a plant spacing of 15cm, a large row spacing of 180cm, a number of 4240 plants per 667 square meters, a medium row of 3 rows of soybeans, a row spacing of 30cm, and 15 rows of rice, with 16,000 plants per 667 square meters. (3) composite broadcast amplitude 240cm. Winter maize 30cm spacing, plant spacing 15cm, large row spacing 210cm, 3700 plants per 667m2; interplanting 4 rows of soybeans, row spacing 30cm, rice 15 plants, 22,000 plants per 667m2 . According to the comparative analysis of the three structural models of winter maize intercropping soybeans by the Dehong Agricultural Research Institute, the output per 667 square meters was higher with a 180-cm composite sowing volume, 420.8 kg per 667 square meters of corn, 68.7 kg of soybeans, and a compound yield of 489.5. Kg;Production value is 210cm higher than composite broadcast, with a compound output value of 800.5 yuan per 667 square meters, net output value of 627.5 yuan; input-output ratio is higher than compound broadcast amplitude 240cm, net output value is 626.3 yuan, materialization input is 161 yuan, input-output ratio is 13.84 . The pattern of planting structure should be determined based on coordinated and balanced development between crops and market demand. 3. Technical measures for intercropping soybeans in winter corn (1) Selection of improved varieties. A good variety is the internal cause of increased production. Corn uses compact hybrid corn varieties such as Dandan No.2 and Zhongdan No.2. Soybean is selected to be Zhongpin 661, which is suitable for three-dimensional multi-medium planting and disease resistance and high yield. (2) timely sowing, improve the quality of sowing. Sowing is closely related to production sooner or later. According to the maturation of winter maize and winter soybean, the sowing date can be determined by ensuring the flowering is not affected by the low temperature and cold damage. The suitable flowering period of winter maize and winter soybean in the dam area of ​​Dehong Prefecture is in late March. The corresponding sowing period is from November 25 to December 20, sowing early, the flowering period is susceptible to low temperature and cold damage; sowing too late During the harvest, there is more rainfall, it is difficult to harvest, and the impact of post-planting rice. Seeds are sown before sowing, and good seed quality is ensured to ensure seedlings, Miao Qi and Miao Zhuang. (3) Apply basal fertilizer and timely top dressing. Basal fertilizer is to protect the corn, soybean seedlings and flowering before the demand for nutrition, can emerge early, strong seedlings. The type of basal fertilizer should be mainly organic fertilizer, with reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, 1,000 kg of fertilizer per 667 square meters of farmland, 25 to 30 kg of fertilizer for Sanyuan Sanyu, 10 to 15 kg of soybean compound fertilizer for Sanyuan, and top dressing. The 4 to 5 leaf stage of corn (after seedling establishment) applies 10 kg of urea per 667 square meters, 15 to 20 kg of urea at 9 to 10 leaf stages, and 3 to 5 kg of urea at the initial flowering stage of soybeans. (4) Strengthen field management. Strengthening field management is an important measure to ensure high yields. The focus of work is on weeding, weeding, fertilizing, watering, disease prevention, pests and rodents. Winter maize cultivating and weeding in the 9-10 leaf stage, winter soybean cultivating and weeding in the 5-6 leaf stage, irrigation at the flowering stage is the key measure to achieve high yield of intercropping soybean in winter corn. As far as Dehong Prefecture is concerned, the rainfall in the middle and late March is less, and the water requirement of the winter maize and winter soybeans during the flowering period is guaranteed by irrigation, which will help improve the yield and quality. The intercropping soybean planting pattern of winter maize makes it possible to rationally combine the high stalk fibrous roots with the dwarf roots, expand the absorption range of the roots, increase the green layer, and make full use of light, temperature, time and space, and increase Land and light energy utilization. Because the two crops have different nutrient absorption types, they have the effect of nutrient difference, so that the combination of land use and land management; the reasonable matching of the height of the two crops, with the advantage of edge line compensation, can reflect the complementary relationship between the compound group and improve the Unit area yield and benefits.