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Japan actively develops pesticides derived from the genome
Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., in cooperation with the National Institute of Agricultural Biology, has begun to develop pesticides using the genetic information of harmful insects, known as "genomic-derived pesticides." In pharmaceutical development, genetic drugs are very common and their potential for application in the development of pesticides is also very promising. In fiscal year 2003, the Japanese group has established a system for genetic pesticides and has sent researchers to the government's institute. Based on the biological mechanisms found in the company's previously developed pesticides, they intend to focus their development efforts on the effective application of genomic-derived pesticides to develop the next generation of pesticides. Genome-derived pesticide development involves the study of the ternary structures and functions of genes produced by the target insects, and then creating substances that inhibit or accept these functions. These substances are then used as active ingredients of pesticides. For example, DNA from rice pests N. lugens and soybean pests Spodoptera litura from China is similar to DNA from silkworm cocoons, and 80% of cocoon's DNA has been mapped. Therefore, the target gene may be identified by comparison with the silkworm pupal DNA. Genomic-derived pesticides are highly effective against pests, and these pests cannot be immune to such pesticides. Because of these advantages, it is very desirable to develop this genomic-derived pesticide in the sense of a new large-scale pesticide production. In fiscal year 2003, Nippon Chemical's sales of pesticides were 11.2 billion yen, and they aim to reach 15 billion yen in fiscal year 2005.