Broccoli cultivation technology

(1) Sowing seedlings. It has strong resistance to stress and a wide range of sowing period. The suitable sowing period can be determined according to the local climatic conditions and cultivation requirements to ensure that the plant stems and leaves grow robustly, and can pass through the vernalization stage at a low temperature after an appropriate size Form flower buds, and make flower bud differentiation and flower bulb development in the most suitable environment. This is the key to the success of cultivation. Generally speaking, the south is suitable for the sowing period from July to March of the following year. Shading seedling cultivation in summer greenhouse cultivation and combined with shade net cooling cultivation can basically achieve annual production. Seedlings for 1/15 hectares (1 acre) are 20-30 grams, and seedling age is 25-30 days (short in summer and autumn, long in winter and spring). When the true leaves spread about 5 pieces, it is a suitable planting seedling. Strong seedling standard: large plants, short thick internodes, large leaf area, and no pests.

(2) Whole planting. Before the heading, the land was ploughed and dried in advance. 1000 kg of manure fertilizer and 30 kg of compound fertilizer were applied as base fertilizer in the middle of the heading. Plant two rows, and the planting distance is 0.4-0.5 meters. 3 hours before planting, the seedling bed was permeated with water, and selected healthy seedlings with soil for planting. Planting should not be too deep, so as not to affect growth. After planting, it is necessary to pour enough root water to facilitate survival. The planting time is generally selected to be cloudy or after 3:30 in the afternoon.

(3) Fertilizer and water management. After the broccoli is planted, it is usually watered every 5-7 days. During the growth period, if the soil has poor water retention capacity, water it every 3-4 days. It is necessary to keep the soil moist to promote plant growth, so that it has enough leaves (generally no less than 15-17 leaves) and a large leaf area before the ball is laid, which lays the foundation for the formation of high-quality flower balls and high yield.

The plant size of broccoli is directly proportional to the size of the flower bulbs. In addition to applying the base fertilizer, you should also pay attention to top dressing in time to promote the full development of the plant. Especially for early-maturing varieties, we must pay attention to the top dressing. There are three top dressings for broccoli. The first one is irrigated with 10 kg of urea per 1/15 hectares (1 acre) about 7 days after planting. The second top dressing is 15 days after the first top dressing. Every 1/15 hectares (1 mu) is topdressed with 20 kg of compound fertilizer. In the third top dressing, when the top flower ball has been formed, in order to promote the increase in weight and weight of the top flower ball, 5 kg of urea can be applied every 1/15 hectare (1 mu), but the amount should not be excessive. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the addition of boron and potassium fertilizers to prevent the yellowing and browning of the surface of the flower buds and cracks at the base of the flower stem. Therefore, foliar fertilization can be carried out in the seedling and bud stage, with 0.5% borax or boric acid for extra-root topdressing 2-3 times, supplemented with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray 1-2 times. This has obvious effects on preventing yellowing of flower buds and cracks at the base of flower stems. After the main ball is harvested, the side branch-prone varieties should continue to be watered and fertilized to promote the growth of lateral flower balls and increase yield.

(4) Temperature and humidity control. Broccoli likes coldness and is a semi-cold-tolerant vegetable. The suitable temperature for plant growth is 20-22 ℃, and the suitable temperature for flower bud development is 15-18 ℃. Above 25 ° C the growth is poor and susceptible to disease, below 5 ° C the growth is slow. Therefore, when growing broccoli in a greenhouse, the temperature must be controlled first. When the broccoli enters the peak growth period, the temperature in the shed should be controlled at 25-20 ℃, and higher than 25 ℃ should be properly ventilated to prevent the stems and leaves from becoming long and making the flower bulbs smaller. During the formation of flower bulbs, the temperature should be controlled at 20-15 ℃, above 20 ℃ should be ventilated. Due to the large temperature difference between the inside and outside of the shed, more dewdrops will condense on the film covering the shed. Therefore, polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride non-drip film should be used, and ventilation and dehumidification should be properly and timely.

Broccoli should not be dry or afraid of waterlogging, and the accumulated water should be eliminated in rainy days. The water requirement during the flower bulb development period * should ensure the water supply. The soil must be kept moist throughout the growing period. Pay attention to weeding and soil cultivation.

(5) Prevention of diseases and insect pests. The main diseases of broccoli are black rot, soft rot and sclerotium, etc. The main pests are aphids, cabbage worms and diamondback moth worms, etc., pay attention to early control.

(6) Harvesting. The broccoli flower ball is composed of small flower buds, and does not stop developing after the differentiation is completed. When it grows into a large flower bud, it will bloom and expose yellow petals if the temperature is higher, making the flower ball "yellow" and losing its edible value. Therefore, when the flower balls reach the maturity standard of the commodity, they should be harvested in time. Harvesting is too early, the flower bulbs are not fully grown, and the yield is low; when harvesting is too late, the flower bulbs are loose, the spherical surface is uneven, and the buds are coarse, and even yellow petals are exposed, which will reduce the quality and commercial value of broccoli . After the main flower ball is harvested, the varieties with strong side branches can also receive part of the side flower ball after strengthening fertilizer and water management.

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