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Cuiguan pear high yield cultivation techniques
Precocious emerald pear quality and high yield cultivation techniques Published: 2006-01-05 emerald pear, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Horticulture so fortunate water (Hangzhou New Century Green) bred new varieties, because of its early maturity, outstanding quality has been the country more than Introduced in several provinces and cities, rapid development. The variety performance: (1) early maturation, generally mature in mid-late July; (2) excellent quality, extremely tender meat, crunchy, especially juice, sweet, small fruit, more than 13% of soluble solids; ( 3) Large and uniform fruit shape, reasonable fruit thinning, uniform fruit size, good fruit shape, good commercial quality, fruit set rate of more than 75%, high yield; (4) strong resistance, under normal production conditions The leaves are not susceptible. First, a high standard to build a garden 1, garden choice. Cuiguan pear has strong adaptability, and it is suitable for planting in mountainous areas, plains, and tidal flats. However, sandy soils with loose soil, deep soil and low groundwater level are preferred. 2, high quality seedlings. The seedling height above 1m and the ground diameter above 1cm were selected. The main planting variety was Cuiguan, and the pollinated variety was brittle green. The ratio of the main cultivar and the pollination variety was 4:1. 3, rational close planting. Plant spacing 4m2m, 667m2 planted 82. 4, big hole full fat. Dig and plant the hole 80cm80cm, 667m2 apply rot bar fertilizer 50kg, phosphate fertilizer 1kg, fertilizer and soil are mixed into the planting hole. 5, planting. No abnormal low-temperature areas were planted in November and grew rapidly in the following year. After planting, they were irrigated and dried at a height of 50 cm, covered with a 1 m1 m plastic film. Second, soil management and fertilization 1, garden deep turning. Every year in the autumn, the deep hole is enlarged and deepened, and the country is deep-sweeping once in 3 years. In combination with deep-sweeping, 50kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, 1kg of phosphorus fertilizer is applied, and the thickness of the tree-pan or national mulching grass is 20cm. 2, top dressing. Each year, in May, June and August, each application of urea was performed 100-150g per plant, and 0.3% urea was added in combination with spraying to conduct extra-root fertilizer. After the fruit was harvested, the imported compound fertilizer was applied and the plant applied 1.0-1.5kg. Third, the characteristics of plastic surgery cultivation is clear, Tsui crown pear tree stand upright, tree vigor. Under conditions of high density row spacing of 4m2m, as early results, crown natural happy-shaped as well, mainly plastic technology: 1, stem height is about 50cm, to facilitate dwarf tree; 2, then the growth of branches, regardless of backbone Whether the branch or not, before the end of June will be pulled to a 70-degree angle, when pruning in winter, continue to adjust to maintain the opening angle of 60 degrees -70 degrees. Practice has shown that pulling branches not only eases tree vigor, promotes flower bud differentiation, and thus leads to earlier results, but also improves the quality of the fruit due to the improvement of the lighting conditions of the tree. Therefore, the Cuiguan Pear branch work is the most important pruning work in the early fruit period, and it is also the main technical measure for the early knot and high-quality cultivation of this species. Based on the summer pruning work centered on the pull branch, the winter pruning focuses on the short cuts of the three major branches, and the remaining branches are generally not placed on the cut. With the expansion of the canopy and the increase in the number of results, it is possible to increase the short-term strength year by year in order to control the outward shift of the results, so that there will be sufficient new branches each year to achieve high yields and stable yields year after year. Fourth, fruit thinning and bagging Cuiguan pears have a high fruit setting rate. It is necessary to use thinning fruit to maintain high yield, stabilize production, increase fruit shape and improve the appearance quality of fruit. Cuiguan pear is an early-maturing variety, and fruit thinning should be as early as possible. After about 20 days of flowering, each flower is left with 1-2 fruits and the inflorescence spacing is 15-20cm. Although the background color of the Cuiguan Pear peel is green, but the mask of the fruit is rusty, and the skin color is dark under natural conditions, the 150cm195cm double pear special bag bag produced in Taiwan is used immediately after the fruit peeling. After the bagging, the fruit is light yellow, smooth and delicate, and the fruit shape of the crown is correct, which makes the appearance very beautiful. At the same time, bagging avoids the long-term hazards of Pygmycta miloides and Spodoptera exigua, reduces the number of spraying and reduces pollution. , Reduced production costs. Therefore, fruit thinning and bagging technology is the key to the high yield, high quality and efficient cultivation of Cuiguan pear. V. Integrated Pest Control The effective prevention and control of pests and diseases is a technical guarantee for Cuiguan pear early-junction, high-quality, and efficient cultivation. According to the characteristics of disease and pest occurrence in the region in recent years, the prevention and control work in the following periods should be focused on. 1. In late February and early March, use 3-5 degrees lime sulfur to spray once before sprouting. 2. After the pears are cut off, they are sprayed 2-3 times with 15% triadimefon 1500-2000 times every 7-10 days to prevent the occurrence of pear rust. 3, before bagging, respectively with thiophanate 800 times, pyrethroid pesticides 1500-2000 times a comprehensive spray, to pear black spot, black spot and aphids, pear hibiscus, stink bug, borer, etc. for comprehensive prevention and control . 4. If it is harvested, it should be sprayed 1-2 times with carbendazim, omethoate and other drugs before harvesting to extend the lifespan of the pear leaf.