The feed types of dairy cows are divided into six categories: roughage, concentrated feed, juicy feed, animal feed, mineral feed, and feed additives. (1) Feeds with crude fiber content in roughage of dry matter greater than or equal to 18% are collectively referred to as roughage. Roughage mainly includes four kinds of hay, straw, green feed, and silage. Cylinder Lenses are offered in both plano-concave and plano-convex configurations, they are typically used to focus incoming light to a line, or to change the aspect ratio of an image. Cylinder Lenses are available with positive or negative focal lengths, they are used for the optics, lasers, medical science, electronics, tele-communication and others.
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1 Hay: Wild or cultivated grass or legumes with a moisture content of less than 15%. Such as wild grass (Qiu white grass), Leymus chinensis, ryegrass, wolfberry and other 2 straw: for the harvest of crops, vines, vines, oysters, oysters, shells and so on. Such as corn stalks, straw, cereal grass, peanut vines, sweet potato vines, potato pods, soybean meal, bean stalks and so on. There are two kinds of dry and green.
3 Green fodder: Wild or cultivated grass or legume pasture and crop plants with a moisture content of 45% or more. Such as wild grass, green barley, green oats, barley, clover, milk vetch, and the whole plant corn green feed.
4 Silage: It is a feed made from green feed or green crop stalks that has been crushed, compacted, sealed and lactic acid-fermented. The moisture content is generally between 65% and 75% and the pH is around 4.2. Silage with a moisture content of 45-55% is called low-water silage or semi-dry silage with a pH of about 4.5.
(2) Feeds containing less than 18% crude fiber in dry matter of concentrate feed are collectively referred to as concentrate feed. Concentrates are divided into energy feeds and protein supplements. The concentrates with a dry matter crude protein content of less than 20% are called energy feeds; the concentrates with a dry matter crude protein content of 20% or more are called protein supplements. There are three kinds of concentrated feeds: cereals, bran, and cakes.
1 Grains: Seeds of food crops, such as corn, sorghum, barley, oats, rice, etc., are cereals, which are generally energy feeds.
2 bran: various by-products of dry food processing, such as wheat bran, corn bran, sorghum, rice bran and other bran is also an energy feed.
3 Types of cakes: By-products of oil processing such as bean cakes, peanut cakes, sesame cakes, cottonseed cakes, sesame cakes, sunflower cakes, corn germ cakes, etc. . In addition to the corn germ cake energy feed, it is a protein supplement. Shelled cotton cakes and sunflower biscuits contain more than 18% crude fibres, which can be classified as roughage.
(3) The feed of juicy feeds with less than 18% crude fiber content and more than 75% moisture content is called succulent feed, mainly including root tubers, tubers, fruits, vegetables and bad residue.
1 roots, tubers, fruits, vegetables. Such as carrots, radishes, sweet potatoes, potatoes, cabbage, pumpkin, watermelon, apples, cabbage, cabbage leaves are all energy feed.
2 Dregs such as grains, beans, roots and other wet processing by-products are dregs. For example, starch residue, sugar residue, and distillers' grain are energy feeds; bean curd residue and soy sauce residue are protein supplements. Sugar beet slag should be classified as roughage because its dry matter content of crude fiber is greater than 18%.
(4) Animal feed Animal products and animal products are animal feed products. Such as milk, milk powder, fish meal, bone meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, feather meal, cocoon and other dry matter crude protein content greater than or equal to 20%, is a protein supplement; such as tallow, lard and other dry matter crude protein content is less than 20% Is an energy feed. Such as bone meal, eggshell powder, shell powder, etc. to supplement calcium and phosphorus for the purpose of belonging to mineral feed.
(5) Mineral feed The natural minerals that can be used for feeding, called mineral feeds, are for the purpose of supplementing elements such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chlorine, and sulfur (elements that account for more than 0.01% of body weight). Such as stone powder, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, salt, magnesium sulfate and so on.
(6) Feed additives are supplements of nutrients, improve production performance, improve feed utilization, improve feed quality, promote growth and reproduction, and guarantee the health of dairy cows by incorporating small or micronutrient or non-nutrient substances in feed. . Commonly used feed additives for dairy cows are: vitamin additives, such as vitamins A, D, E, nicotinic acid, etc.; trace elements (elements with weight less than 0.01%) additives such as iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, cobalt, selenium Wait. Amino acid additives, such as protective lysine, methionine; rumen buffer regulators, such as sodium bicarbonate, urease inhibitors, etc., enzyme preparations, such as amylase, protease, lipase, cellulolytic enzymes; active bacteria (probiotics ) Formulations, such as lactic acid bacteria, Aspergillus, yeast preparations, etc.; as well as feed mold inhibitors or antioxidants.
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