Change the concept of application of rice, lightly simplify the new direction of plant protection

Qianshan County rice light simplified application technology on-site exchange meeting to observe the scene

At present, it is the key period for the prevention and control of rice pests and diseases. Many areas are busy giving rice disease prevention and treatment. The number of rice pests and diseases is more and more controlled. Generally, 15 to 20 days after transplanting the seedlings into the field, it is necessary to play the first medicine. Rice planting in the field is particularly difficult at high temperatures. Nowadays, the exploration and application of a new technology for light and simplified application of rice is expected to reduce the application of pesticides and reduce the cost of labor for rice farmers.

1

Use less medicine once, rice is more robust

In the past few days, Peng Shengming, a large grain grower in Yujing Town, Qianshan County, Anhui Province, went to the rice fields to have a look every day. Peng Shengming planted 1,000 mu of rice. Starting this year, he took out 7 mu of paddy fields as a demonstration field, and tested the control effect of the seedlings with medicine (also known as “give medicine” technology).

This new type of application technology has changed the practice of rice spraying after transplanting rice in the past. Instead, the seedlings were treated with high-dose agents before transplanting to achieve the purpose of controlling pests in the later stage. More than a month after the transplanting of the seedlings into the field, Peng Shengming discovered that the rice fields that used the “gathering medicine” were rarely harmed by the rice stem borer and the rice leaf roller, and they also had a good effect on the rice straw. The rice grows well, which makes him happy. "In the past 20 years after rice transplanting, I have to fight the medicine to prevent phlegm and phlegm. 1000 acres of rice can be finished in a week. With this new technology, you can use less medicine. The important thing is to save labor. Now the labor is too Not easy to find."

On July 13th, nearly 100 representatives from the on-site exchange meeting on rice light-simplification application technology also observed the application effect of this technology. Xu Jinfeng, director of the plant protection station of Qianshan County, said that the blank control area has seen the phenomenon of dry sheath and heartlessness caused by the damage of the stem borer, and the high dose of Kangkuan and 0.4% chlorantraniliprole granules. The treated rice fields have excellent control effects on rice stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice straw and leaf miner, and the rice plants are more robust.

Huang Chao, head of the Department of Pharmaceutical Machinery of the Plant Protection Station of Anhui Province, said that an acre of paddy field can generally be inserted into 80-100 mu of field, and the application of Daejeon to the seedbed should be applied, which is equivalent to only 1/80~1/100 of Daejeon. The application of the area is sufficient, which greatly saves the labor and reduces the loss of pesticides in the field spray. For the prevention of pests such as stem borer, it can be used for more than 30 days, which not only reduces the use of medicines in the field, but also helps promote rice tillering.

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Changing the concept of application focuses on prevention in advance

Why is the high-dose agent early treatment of seedling technology so good? What is the focus on its choice of pharmaceuticals?

Zhang Shuai, deputy director of the Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals Division of the National Agricultural Technology Center, told the reporter that as a major pest that harms rice, the difficulty in the prevention and control of Chilo suppressalis is that it is difficult to grasp the timing of the best drug use, and the application time in production is likely to be delayed. Studies have found that high-dose “give medicine” technology in the seedling stage can be extended for a long-lasting period, because the newly hatched larvae are more sensitive to the drug, and the extremely low-intake agent will die. The newly hatched larvae have eggs. The habit of the shell, the egg stained on the leaves of the agent, the hatching larvae to eat the egg shell will also ingest the drug to death, so it has a good effect on controlling the early generation of stem borer. Through practice tests, in the areas where the stem borer occurs in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, etc., the technical days of the technology field can reach 40 to 50 days.

From the fight against insects to the early use of drugs, the "give medicine" technology reflects the innovation of the concept of application. Jiang Yong, a pesticide manager at Fumei Shi, said that Kang Kuan is a star product for the prevention and control of rice stem borer. However, the use of Kangkang Daejeon spray has not played its due role. Kangkang is used as a “gifting medicine” early to reduce the unnecessary loss of medicines in the field spray. The medicine is more precise, the farmers are more labor-saving, and at the same time can play the role of both eggs and eggs, greatly reducing the pre-rice aphids and rice leaf curls. The base of insects in the cockroach reduces the pressure of prevention and control in the later period, and makes the rice seedlings healthier and higher in yield. This is the full implementation of the “prevention-based” plant protection policy in practice.

Of course, not all medicines are suitable for high-dose “give medicine” technology. According to reports, like the commonly used anti-tuberculosis avermectin, chlorpyrifos and other agents, treatment of seedlings with 20 times, 40 times liquid, will appear The phytotoxicity caused the leaves to die and chlorosis. Chloramphenicol benzamide is a suitable agent for consideration of factors such as drug resistance level, systemicity, persistence, and safety of different mechanisms of action. From the perspective of drug reduction requirements and economic considerations, the dose of “give medicine” should be no more than the principle of one dose of the corresponding field area of ​​the seedlings.

3

Use medicine to simplify the new direction of plant protection

Under the influence of multiple factors such as lower food prices, higher pesticide prices, and higher labor costs, lighter and less laborious pest control methods will become an inevitable trend in future plant protection.

“Exploring the light and simplified medicine technology of rice is an urgent task.” Zhang Shuai said that since 2017, the National Agricultural Technology Center has carried out trials in Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and other provinces. The high-dose “give medicine” technology has shown many advantages. —— It can better control the harm of the first generation of stem borer, and also has effect on the late rice leaf roller; the selected chlorantraniliprole has a long-lasting effect and is safe for fish and shrimp and other aquatic organisms. It is conducive to increasing production; at the same time avoiding premature drug use in Daejeon, it can protect the natural enemies from being established as soon as possible; save labor and reduce medicines. In some areas, “give medicine” can save 50% of insecticide dosage compared with late field application, and Daejeon period It is not necessary to fight drugs to control mites for up to two months. It can be seen that the use of medicinal in the Putian period is a new direction of plant protection technology that is worth exploring.

Researcher Fu Qiang from the Rice Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences said that excessive dependence on chemical pesticides has made the resistance of Chilo suppressalis more and more serious, and the lighter, simplified and practical technology integration is the key to the implementation of green prevention and control. In recent years, in addition to the comprehensive use of non-chemical control technology such as ploughing, deep water smashing and planting vetiver, the “three-proof and two-control” light and simplified integrated application technology has been explored in rice science. Take preventive measures for the common pests and diseases, the "three defenses" mainly focus on three steps of sowing, transplanting, and rupture, respectively, using seed treatment, "give medicine" and comprehensive drug before rupture for preventive application, according to perennial When the situation is combined with the mid-term measurement, it is not necessary to prevent and control indicators, simplify drug use decision-making, prevent and control time advancement, save labor and medicine, convenient and easy to learn, and facilitate the reconstruction of early natural enemies. The "two control" is for emergency prevention and control, which is carried out at the end of the tillering and at the earing stage, when the fulminant and epidemic pests and diseases reach the prevention and control indicators.

Professor Gao Congfen of Nanjing Agricultural University suggested that in the future, we should continue to strengthen the experimental exploration of high-dose “gathering medicine” technology, strengthen the monitoring of resistance to bismuth mites, map the regional distribution of resistance to bismuth, and deepen the mechanism of drug resistance and accelerate the research. The registration of chlorantraniliprole-treated seedling technical product information to promote the application of this technology.