Sunflower sclerotinia disease, also known as white rot, commonly known as rotten dish disease, occurs every year with varying degrees of severity. When severe, it has a great influence on the yield and quality of sunflower.
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(I) Symptoms of the disease Sunflower sclerotia can occur during the whole growth period of a sunflower. There are two types of disease symptoms.
1, the beginning of dry type can occur from the beginning of the seedlings to the formation of the disk. The disease at the seedling stage is mainly at the base of the stem, forming a water-soaked lesion around the stem. When it is wet, white flocculent mycelium grows. After drying, the diseased part shrinks and shrinks, black sclerotia are formed in the stem, and the plants are erect and withered to death. In the adult stage, the stem base is also dominant, showing a pale brown moist lesion, and then gradually expanding to the stem of the whole plant. The latter lesion is gray and white, the edge is brown, and the epidermis is broken. The destruction of the organization affected the transport of nutrients. The leaves began to turn yellow from the bottom up, withered and fell off, and finally the entire plant died.
2, rotten disc type This disease is mainly after the Xiehua period, the heaviest, when the disk is victimized, on the back of its appearance of water-soaked lesions, receptacles become brown and softened. In the rainy weather, the lesions began to expand rapidly and penetrated the disk. From the back of the black heart to the front, a white mycelium grew, causing the disk to decay and the grain to mature. In severe cases, the seed kernels were rotten or the seeds were rotten. Fall off.
(b) The cause of the disease is mainly caused by sclerotial germination. The sclerotia sclerotia is overwintering in the soil, diseased tissues and seeds, and can generally live for 2 to 5 years in the soil. There are two ways to infect it: one is the generation of a hyphae after sclerotia germinates, and it directly invades when it comes into contact with the host. This is the type of infection that occurs at the seedling stage and the adult stage; the second is that sclerotia can be produced. Ascospore disk, ascospores spread to the host through storms or insects, and the sunflower rotten disk is caused by ascospores. In general, when the temperature is at 20°C and the relative humidity is 80%, it is most suitable for the germination of sclerotia, and it is also the most serious period of flower disk disease. Especially in the rainy year, there were high incidences of poor drainage, poor ventilation, poor light transmission, and successive years of heavy rain. If the weather is cold and rainy in July-August, the incidence rate is also high.
(c) Control measures
1. When the diseased plant is removed from the diseased plant, remove it immediately to prevent it from spreading.
2. Chemical control (1) Before or at the flowering stage of sunflower, spray 40% kudryli 800 to 1000 times, spray the lower part of the plant and the back of the flower disc 1 or 2 times;
(2) Apply 50% thiophanate WP 1000 times before budding or blooming to spray 1 or 2 times;
(3) In the seedling stage or flowering period, spraying with 50% Sulfuron 500 to 1000 times, the control effect can reach more than 80%;
(4) According to the law of the occurrence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, when the temperature reaches 18 ~ 20 °C, 0 ~ 5 cm deep topsoil moisture content of 11% or more, when the ascaria teeth are unearthed, it is the best time to spread the drug on the ground, each Mu can be used 70% of pentachloronitrobenzene 2 ~ 3 kg, plus 10 ~ 15 kg of wet fine soil, mixed evenly withdraw in the sunflower field, can inhibit the germination of sclerotia and kill the germinating young sprouts, The antibacterial rate was generally 91.3%, and the control effect was 78.5% or more.
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