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Excavation of fish larvae accounts for 5% to 8% of the total area of ​​rice fields. 1 acre of 2 acres of field dug a fish, more than 3 acres of rice can be dug 2-3. The fish gills are mostly built in the middle of the paddy field or on the edge of the field, and are excavated into a square or round shape with a depth of lm of 1.2m, which communicates with the central fish ditch. The excavation time can be carried out 30 to 40 days before planting, and once every 10 days after excavation, they can be rearranged 3 to 4 times in a row.
Excavation fish ditch is generally carried out after transplanting seedlings returning green, seedlings can be transplanted on the edge of the fish ditch. The area of ​​fish ditch accounts for 3% to 5% of the total paddy area. Groove width 40cm, ditch depth 50cm. The shape of the fish ditch can be dug into “10â€, “日â€, “田†or “井†shape according to the size and shape of the paddy field, and the fish ditch is connected with the fishing rod.
Tian Hao will be heightened and strengthened. It is required that the height of the field be raised to about 50em, widened to about 40cm, and compacted to prevent fish from collapsing in heavy rain.
Each paddy field is set in a drainage hole and a drainage hole. In addition, one or three spillway gaps should be set according to the size of the field block. The inlet and outlet are generally located in two opposite corners of the rice field, and the size of the inlet and outlet is determined by the displacement of the paddy field. The inlet is about 10cm higher than the field surface; the drain is located on the opposite side of the inlet. And parallel or slightly lower with the field surface. In the trapezoidal fields of hilly and mountainous regions, the drainage of the upper field is often the inlet of the next field, and the series connection is adopted: most of the paddy fields in the plain area are injections and drainage outlets are separated. The inlet and outlet are sturdy.
In order to prevent the escape of fish and the entry of predator organisms, fish traps should be installed at the inlet and outlet. It is advisable to keep the gap between fishes. The barrage should be 30cm wider than the inlet and outlet, and the upper end should be 10cm to 20cm above the field, and the lower end should be embedded 30cm in the hard mud under the field.
The content and requirements for permanent field construction are the same as those for general paddy field projects. The difference is that the protection of slopes, fish ditch, fish gills, and inlet and outlet slopes are reinforced with bars, slabs, cement prefabricated plates or bricks. Used for many years. In some areas in the south, the height of field ridges is raised to 50cm to 80cm with cement or stones, and there are no fish rakes and ditches in the fields. After the harvest of the first season rice is directly inundated with fish, the effect is also very good.
Second, paddy field cultivation of fingerlings
1. Preparation for fry stocking First, disinfection and water injection. Before excavating the fish ditch, first fill the fish bowl with water 6cm to 10cm, and then dissolve the lime in the fishpond by the amount of 60kg to 75kg per acre. Do not disperse the lime evenly to the surface to disinfect the field. Improve the disinfection effect. The next day, use tools such as rice dumplings to stir the mud from the bottom of the field to the bottom so that the lime mud and mud can be fully mixed. Eight to ten days after disinfection, until the efficacy has completely disappeared, the fish can be injected with water 1/3 deep and the fry can be released.
The second is to fertilize water quality in advance. Base fish should be cast before the fish is stocked, and the "fertility pool" should be made available so that the fish fry can obtain a lot of natural baits of high quality and good taste, so as to accelerate the growth of the fry and increase the survival rate.
The time and amount of base fertilizer should vary depending on the fertilizer type, paddy field conditions, and fry type. The application of decomposed manure can be carried out 4 to 5 days before stocking. The application amount per hectare of rice field is 120 kg, and the whole pool is splashed with diluted water. When green manure is applied, it should be carried out 5 to 10 days before the fry of the fry, and 200 kg per mu.
2. Several problems that should be paid attention to when stocking fish fry: First, the fry stocking life or transport water source cannot be too different from the water temperature in the paddy field. If the temperature difference exceeds 5°C, Tanaka water must be used to adjust the water temperature in the fry transport container to Tian. When the water temperature in the water is basically the same, the fish can be stocked, or the fish fry together with the nutrient bag for transportation can be put in the fish urn and stay for a period of time. After the water temperature inside and outside the bag is basically the same, it can be stocked.
The second is to master the specifications of the fish to be released. Artificially propagated fry must be stocked until inflated, able to swim flat, and able to ingest outside food (4-5 days after hatching).
The third is to wait until the medicinal properties of Qingchi have completely disappeared before releasing the seedlings, otherwise it will cause a large number of fish seedlings to die.
The fourth is to check whether there are any enemy organisms in the paddy field. After the disinfection of clear ponds to stocking of fish fry, predator organisms such as frog eggs, pupa, aquatic insects and wild fish may remain in the rice fields; fish fry should be checked again before stocking, if necessary, use fry nets to remove 1 to 2 all over.
Fifth, fry should not be changed well water during transit. Because of the low temperature of the well water, the temperature difference between the water tank and the fry container is large; the second is that the dissolved oxygen is small; the third ratio is significant, which can easily cause the temperature of the water in the container to be uneven; Or stronger acidity.
Sixth, choose a good stocking variety. In principle, all fish, shrimps, crabs, and amphibians suitable for freshwater pond farming are suitable for paddy farming, but cold-water fish such as rainbow trout and squid are not suitable.
Seven is to master the stocking time. The time of fish farming in traditional paddy fields is generally about 5 days after rice is transplanted, and it is stocked after the seedlings return to green. In the case of the engineering and farming techniques, due to the large fish ditch and fish gills excavated in the fishery paddy fields, in order to prolong the growth period of the fish, it is better to put the fish in the water in the early spring and put the fries first. Feeding in fish gills, after the transplanted seedlings return to green, they will open ditch and gully and put the fish into the field.
The eighth is to master a reasonable stocking density. The fry are directly cultivated to summer flowers, and the general stocking density is about 10,000 per acre. If it is a small plot of land and seedlings breeding fish breeding, stocking density can be controlled at 40,000 to 50,000 per acre. If fish fry are first raised to black larvae fry and then divided into pools, the general stocking density can be controlled within 160,000 mu/mu; when raised by Wuzi to a fish species with a body length of about 5cm, the stocking density is reduced to 2~3 mu/mu. Between ten thousand.
3. Feeding and management of fish fingerlings First, feeding: Weeds, benthic animals in the rice fields, zooplankton, and rice insects can provide certain natural food for fish. However, in order to achieve higher fish production, proper amount of artificial feed must be fed like pond fish. Within one week after the fry is stocked, the natural food in the field is kept. After one week, when the natural food is insufficient, artificial feed should be added.
The second is top-dressing: timely and appropriate amount of top-dressing in the rearing process can be used as rice fertilizer, and it can also provide part of bait and breeding bait organisms for omnivorous fish. In principle, it is advisable to apply the fertilizer in small quantities several times in order to maintain the water color of the fish ditch and fish gill, which is often oil green and blue green. Both organic and inorganic fertilizers can be used for top dressing, but organic fertilizers are preferred. When topdressing organic manure, it is generally recommended to apply fermented and decomposed manure 25kg to 30kg per acre each time. When topdressing inorganic fertilizers, it is generally advisable to apply 1kg-2kg urea per acre, and 20-30 days once.
The third is the daily management: After putting the fish in the paddy field, special management must be carried out so that it can be managed after it is released. For the stocking before transplanting, the fish should be rushed to the pits and pupas for raising during the transplanting. After the seedlings turn green, they are allowed to swim in the fields. Daily inspection of the field is one of the main tasks of day-to-day management. It is necessary to insist on morning and evening field inspections to observe whether fish feeding is normal, whether there are floating heads, whether there are invincible pests in the field, or whether the fish is sick or not. Take timely measures. During the spring tillage and transplanting, and the summer harvest, it is necessary to prevent Tian Tan's mud from flowing back into the pit. During the high temperature season, we must put a shady shade on the side of the fish pit and quail, and appropriately deepen the water level in the paddy field to prevent fish discomfort due to the shallow water temperature and high water temperature. Always check the entrance and exit of fish to prevent fish from escaping.
The fourth is to do a good job of daily record work: every day should record the fish activity, feeding conditions, weather and water temperature changes, feed feeding conditions, fish growth and the occurrence of abnormal phenomena. After the end of each breeding cycle, the information recorded shall be summarized, compared, analyzed, problems identified, problems solved, and problems solved in order to improve the technical and technical management level. The growth of fish is generally measured at 30 samples every 10 days. The body length and body weight are measured. This is an effective way to understand the growth situation and is an important basis for adjusting the amount of feed.
Specialized new technology for the cultivation of cultivated rice fields
First, the transformation of fish rice paddy rice paddy fishery projects can be divided into two kinds of simple and permanent. The construction content and requirements of the simple rice fish project are: