Prevention of loofah disease: anthrax

(1) Symptoms can occur during each growth period, with severe onset in the middle and later stages of growth. The incidence of seedlings, brown semicircular or round spots appear on the edge of the cotyledon, the base of the stem suffers, the affected area contracts, discolors, and the seedlings fall. At the adult stage, stems and petioles were spotted and oblong. The lesions were slightly depressed. They were initially immersed in water, light yellow, and later turned dark brown. When the lesions cut the stems and petioles one week, the upper part died. Damage to the leaves, the emergence of small spots of water immersion, and then expanded into a nearly round lesions, reddish-brown, with a circle around the yellow lines. For a long time, the lesions meet each other to form irregular large patches. Under dry conditions, the central lesions ruptured to form perforations and the leaves died of dryness. In the later period, there was a small black spot on the lesion and a red mucus appeared when it was wet. Onset of the disease, the lesions were light green at the beginning, dark brown pits later, and black spots in the middle of the lesions. The lesions appeared pink sticky material when wet, and the lesion gradually cracked and exposed the pulp under dry conditions. When the disease is serious, the whole plant will die.
(2) Occurrence conditions Anthracnose is a fungal disease, which is caused by the infection of the fungus Imperfecta subspora. The pathogenic bacteria may accumulate on the epidermis and mucous membranes of the seed for overwintering with mycelia and pseudosclerotia in the diseased plant residue or in the soil. In addition, germs can also live in rot in old greenhouses and greenhouses. The following year is spread by seeds, irrigation, wind and rain, and insects. Conidia can invade directly from epidermis or wound germination.
The suitable temperature for germination of spores was 22-27°C. The optimal growth temperature of pathogens was 24°C. Above 30°C, growth stopped at 10°C or below. Onset of high air humidity requirements, when the humidity of up to 87% -95%, the incidence of rapid, when the humidity is less than 54%, the disease can not occur. In addition, there are serious cases of low-lying terrain, poor drainage, excessive density, excessive nitrogenous fertilizer, poor ventilation, excessive irrigation, and continuous cropping.
(3) Control methods 1 Different varieties have different endurances.
2 Seeds are kept in disease-free, disease-free or disease-free plants to prevent seed carry. Seeds should be disinfected prior to germination to eliminate germs. Common methods are:
Warm soup: soak in 15 minutes with a warm soup at 55°C, and then soak in cold water to germinate.
Seed soaking: Use 100% solution of formalin for 30 minutes soaking and germination; wash with 100 times liquid glacial acetic acid for half an hour, rinse with water, and then germinate.
3 Rotation and non-guad crops for more than 3 years of rotation.
4 Soil treatment Use disease-free Daejeon soil nursery, or use pesticides to disinfect bed soil. Usually 50% carbendazim or 50% anthraquinone, US 8 grams per square meter, mixed with the surface soil. It can also be used in the summer boring method, so that the soil temperature rises above 50 °C to eradicate germs. When conditions permit, the use of soilless seedlings has the best effect.
5Cultivation management Select a sandy loam soil with high topography and convenient drainage. Apply basic fertilizers, increase phosphorus and potash fertilizers, drain water in a timely manner in the rainy season, close the sheds in the morning, raise the temperature to 30-34°C, increase ventilation in the afternoon, reduce the humidity in the shed to 75% or less, and create adverse effects on diseases. Environment; Clean the garden in time, remove diseased plant residues, and bury or burn. The above measures can reduce the occurrence of diseases.
6 In the early stage of disease prevention and treatment, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder can be used 600 times, or 50% thiophanate WP 500-700 times, or 50% carbendazim WP 500-700 times, or 65 times. % dextran zinc WP 500 times, or 50% dexamethasone 1000 times, or 50% anthrax 400 times, or 200 times agricultural resistance 120 times. One of the above drugs, once every 6-7 days, 4-5 times in a row.

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