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I. Characteristics of Yellow Sorghum Varieties
1. External form
(1) Nursing (weight 3g--50g). Appearance shape is similar to round, back with the spine uplift, the appearance of the epidermis is olive green or khaki, distributed with clearly visible black markings, along the sides of the spine symmetrically distributed with the same number of curved lines of wrinkle lines, the skirt is thick and the edge was Golden yellow, dark orange with clear symmetrically arranged black patches on the ventral surface, the number is generally 7 pairs - -8 pairs.
(2) Cub (weight 51g--150g). Appearance shape is approximately circular, with the individual's growth, the back gradually flattened, the body surface color gradually turned pale yellow, the distribution of black patches becomes larger and lighter, the abdomen gradually becomes light yellow, the original black plaque It also fades to a dark, dark gray patch with the individual's growth. The skirt is generous and the edges are golden yellow.
(3) Chengyu (weight 150g or more). The appearance of the body is blunt and flat, and the back is light yellowish-yellow. The structure of the spine and ribs is clearly visible on the back. The epidermis wrinkle lines on both sides of the spine are intermittent or uninterrupted, and the folds are very clear. The skirt is thick and hard. The skirt of the rear part of the corpus callosum is golden yellow, and there are many pods on the skirt, and the hand feels a sense of sand. The epidermis distributed on the front edge of the carapace is rare. The abdomen is red-yellow, with densely visible capillaries on the thorax and abdomen. With the growth of the individual, the dark gray spots on the abdomen gradually retired. After weighing 500 g, only two pairs of dark grayish black patches remained on the plastron. All other plaques disappeared.
2. Countable traits (1) The number of intermittent or uninterrupted wrinkles arranged longitudinally on both sides of the spine at the back of the carcass was 8 - 9 and most were 9.
(2) The number of abdominal markings in juvenile and juveniles: 7 pairs - 8 pairs, and most of them are 7 pairs; the number of dark gray patches in the abdomen of Chengyu: 2 pairs.
(3) The number of spine bones and ribs on the surface of Chenggui's carapace is clearly visible: 8 vertebrae and 8 pairs of ribs.
3. Including meat rate (including the skirt of the connective tissue). Individuals with good body weight from 1000g to 1500g have a meat content of 50% to 55%.
4. distribution area. Huangshalu is mainly distributed in the Zuojiang, Youjiang, Yongjiang, Yujiang and Xijiang basins of Guangxi. Chongzuo, Longzhou, Baise, Tianyang, Tiandong, Pingguo, Suining, Binyang, Hengxian, Guiping, Pingnan , Tengxian, Cangwu and other counties and cities.
5. Growth characteristics. Below 150g, the growth is slow; when the body weight reaches 150g or more, the growth rate is obviously accelerated; when the body weight is more than 400g, it enters the growth peak gauge and reaches 1500g and then enters the slow growth period.
6. Reproduction characteristics. Ingredient 3 mature, fertilized egg weight 3g-8g, general fertilization rate of 80% - 90%. The annual egg production of individuals of different ages is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Egg-laying amount of females of different ages Age (age) 3 4 5 Body weight (g) 1250—2000 2000—3000 3000—3500 Annual fecundity (pieces) 40—50 50—80 80—120
Second, the reproductive technology elements of the breeding techniques of the sand scorpion and Chinese sturgeon reproduction technology, can refer to the Chinese sturgeon reproduction technology for the artificial breeding of sand scorpion, but in order to get the characteristics of a clear, good growth characteristics of the yellow sorghum seedlings, in In actual production, we must pay special attention to the following technical points:
1. Intimate selection and stocking ratio. Body selection should be carried out with the characteristics of "I. 1.(3)", age of 3, winter age, weight of 1.5 kg or more, complete deformity of limbs, robustness, no scars, and rapid overturning on the back. Intimacy, male-female ratio of 4 to 5:1, and the requirements of male and female relatives are basically the same size.
2. Selection point of fertilized egg. The ovum is approximately spherical, with a round white translucent area at one end, egg diameter 1.5cm--2.2cm, egg weight 5g--8g, uniform size, complete egg shell smooth, soft color, high gloss, no Miscellaneous
III. Technical Elements of Small-scale Ecological Aquaculture Technology The “small water bodies†referred to in this paper refer to the artificial breeding environment where the aquaculture water area is within 1 mu. “Ecological culture†refers to the imitation of snails, fish, shrimp and For animals and other animals to maintain their living and growing conditions, during the cultivation of yellow sand plover, supporting livestock feed animals, that is, the whole process of breeding yellow sand bream feeding fresh live food bait, at the same time the use of regular biological agents for the water quality of aquaculture water To regulate, the prevention of rickets mainly rely on Chinese herbal medicine. The technique for artificially breeding yellow sand plover can be completely based on the technical method of artificially breeding Chinese sturgeon. However, in the production of small sand water ecologically cultured yellow sand puffer, in addition to the artificially cultivated Chinese sturgeon technical method, in order to achieve “ecological farming†Purpose, but also pay special attention to master the following technical points:
1. Environmental conditions
(1) Water source: Water quality Clean the pollution-free reservoir water, ravine water, well water, river water, stream water, etc.
(2) Breeding pond: When constructing aquaculture ponds, it is necessary to choose a place where the environment is quiet, there are water sources that meet the requirements, drainage is convenient, and the bottom sediment is red soil or yellow-mud sandy place (preferably, the natural flow conditions can be selected. Local building pool). The aquaculture pond area should not be too large. If it is a garden culture, the area of ​​each breeding pond is generally 50 to 80 square meters. If it is pond culture, then the area of ​​each pond is generally about 1 mu. The pond walls and wall tops of aquaculture ponds shall be built with bricks or cement boards to prevent escape from the water surface side of the pool wall around the top of the pool wall.
(3) Drying back platform: aquaculture ponds with an area of ​​100 square meters or less, with bamboo or wood panels on the sunny side of the pool 3 - 4 with an area of ​​4 to 5 square meters inclined at 15 degrees into the water About 20cm below the platform, as a smashing sun back. The culture pond with an area of ​​more than 100 square meters can be directly made of bamboo or wood with a width of 20cm to 30cm, and 2 to 3m floating bridges with a length of 10m to 30m can be floated on the surface of the water to serve as a drying back.
(4) Feedstuff table: aquaculture ponds with an area of ​​100 square meters, 3 sets of -4 plank platforms with an area of ​​1 square meter to 2 square meters are set as the feed table on the water surface around 1m from the shore around the pool. The side of the platform is inclined at about 10 degrees into 20cm below the surface of the water. Several nails with a plate length of 6 cm or more were nailed on the feed table to fix the feed pellets.
(5) Supporting live bait biological aquaculture ponds: The construction of bait aquaculture ponds is supported by the ratio of 1:5 to 10 in the rearing ponds and bait aquaculture ponds, and is mainly used for aquaculture, snail and loach breeding.
2. Cub breeding
(1) Aquiculture pond size and pre-cultivation treatment: The cultivation pond area is suitable for 20 m2 - 30 m2. The sediment at the bottom of the pond is ploughed and cooked, and the pond water is used to cultivate plankton through fertilizer water. The transparency of the pool water is maintained at about 25cm. One-third of the pool's water surface is put into a water-living lotus in order to allow the juveniles to dry their backs and activities. The feed table is set on the water surface without water-lilies.
(2) Strict selection of larvae: juvenile pods weighing more than 3g, yolk sac convergence is good, no inflammation, cleanliness vents; body shape intact and robust without deformities, head and neck flexibility, limbs and strong, flat on the back when placed on the back Instantly correct in seconds.
(3) Cultivation density: 10/m2 - 15/m2. (4) Feed feeding: Fish, shrimp or snails were chopped and chopped and placed on the feed table. The daily feed amount was 8% of carcass weight and was divided into upper and lower feeds in the afternoon.
(5) Day-to-day management: Pay attention to the activities of the corpus callosum and the weather conditions in the patrol pool every day. Measure the water temperature, air temperature, and the transparency of the pond water every day. Measure the weight, carcass width, and carcass weight of the baby every 15 days or so. Body height, in order to understand the growth conditions of juveniles, to make detailed records of the results of inspections and measurements, and to establish production files for future enquiries. Every 15 days or so, lime was splashed into the cultivation ponds once to maintain the pH of the cultivation pond water around 7.5 and the amount of quicklime between 20g/m3 and -30g/m3. The photosynthetic bacteria were applied to the cultivation tank once every 10 days, and the amount was 150 g/m 3 -200 g/m 3 of the bacterial solution having a concentration of 3 billion viable organisms/g.
3. Adult breeding
(1) Selection of young cubs: Selection of cubs is strictly according to the external form requirements.
(2) Stocking density: 3 animals/cubic meter - 4 animals/cubic meter.
(3) feed feed: snails and other shellfish shellfish to take meat or small trash fish, shrimp washed and chopped, carcass body weight within 100g, to snail meat or fish into a particle size of 0.3cm - 0.5cm The size of the minced meat is fed; when the body weight is within 100g--150g, the snail meat or fish flesh should be crushed into a minced meat with a size of 0.5cm--0.8cm. The body weight is within 150g--200g. At the time, it is necessary to feed snail meat or fish meat into minced meat with a particle size of 1.0 cm; when the carcass body weight is between 200 g and 350 g, the snail meat or fish flesh should be chopped into minced meat with a particle size of about 1.5 cm. Feeding; carcasses weighing more than 350g, can be directly fed shucking snail meat or minced fish with a particle size of about 2.0cm. From May to early October each year, the water temperature is fed at 25°C to -30°C twice a day, and the daily feeding amount is 5% of carcass weight; every March - April and mid-October - In November, when the water temperature is below 25°C, the carcass activity is less and the food intake is less. Feed only once a day. The daily feeding amount is 2%-3% of carcass weight; when the water temperature is lower than 15 At °C, the carcass is in hibernation and is not fed.
(4) Daily management: the same as the cub training, except that when the carcass weighs up to 500g, in addition to feeding shellfish and fish and shrimp, it can directly put some fresh snails or live Muddy, let the crickets self-predator, put the amount of about 2/3 of the total feeding, so you can exercise the wild cricket, improve the quality of carcass muscle.
IV. Prevention and treatment of common diseases caused by common diseases of yellow sand clam
1. Red neck disease. The pathogen is Aeromonas sp. The main symptoms are red spots in the abdomen of the corpus callosum, swelling in the throat and neck, muscle edema, slow action, swelling of the red neck and no retraction; Nosebleeds, inflammation of the intestines, erosions, swelling of the body, turbid white eyes and blindness, soon died. The infection is extremely fast and often results in deaths in batches. The prevention measures for the disease are to keep the water clean and not to cause the disease to mix in; take the bait or soaked in the water with the plantain, a leaf, a flower and a cloves of lotus root; or stir the purslane and mix it with the bait. , At the same time, soaking the body of the carcass that is at risk of soaking in boiling water can also play a preventive role.
2. White spot disease. Also known as mucormycosis, the pathogen is a mold of the genus Amorphophallus, mycobacteria, and Mucor. The main symptom is that the limbs and skirts of the corpus callosum appear spotted. They only appeared in the skirt part at an early stage, and gradually expanded to form a block of leukoplakia, causing necrosis of the corpus callosum and partial ulceration. Clearing the pond thoroughly with quicklime to keep the pool water tender and green can reduce the occurrence of this disease. Daily use of herbal medicines such as two-sided needles, andrographis paniculata, purslane to soak the sickness for 4 hours - 5 hours for 5 consecutive days - 6 days.
3. Sphaerotheca. The main symptom is the appearance of cotton-like attachments on the body surface of the disease. The prevention and control method is to spray 5 kg/mu of tobacco leaves or 4 boxes of 6 boxes of cigarettes per 100 square meters of water in the pond, or soak the cigarettes with water for 15 minutes.
4. Enteritis disease. Caused by bacterial infection, the main symptoms are anal redness, abdominal swelling, pus back squeezing the anus out of the pus-like fluid discharge, anatomy visible ascites with ascites, its intestinal congestion. Garlic shake can be used to feed bait, the amount of 10g/kg--30g/kg, once every 5 days - 6 days, or Gallant Quanchiposa, the amount of 4mg / L. In addition, the use of baicalin, phellodendron, Sophora, rhubarb or andrographoled bait feeding or immersion in this disease are effective.
5. After being bitten by one another or bumped by transportation, the yellow sand pods are often soaked with several herbs, such as Aesculus fragrans, Baicao, and Fotan, to prevent inflammation.
Turtle farming techniques ---- one
Features of the Yellow Sand Turtle Variety and Technical Elements of Small Aquatic Ecological Raising Techniques Huangsha pluton is native to the Zuojiang, Youjiang, Yujiang, Minjiang and Xijiang river basins in Guangxi and is one of the high quality freshwater aquatic products in Guangxi. For more than a decade, although the Chinese sturgeon market has experienced a process of falling from a high price to a low price, Huang Shayi has kept its market price stable at over 200 yuan/kg due to its unique quality, with the market economy. With the opportunities for the development and accession of China to the WTO, the demand for the yellow sand plover at home and abroad will increase, and the aquaculture production prospect of the Yellow Sand Catfish will be broad. This article is the author's follow-up survey on Guangxi Yellow Sable breeding production in the past two years combined with his experience in the practice of S. amurense breeding, and it is for the majority of aquaculture producers to refer to.