Licorice is a perennial herb of the family Leguminosae and has been listed as a key controlled medicinal material by the state. Glycyrrhizic acid is a sweetener that is 200-300 times sweeter than sucrose and is one of the best natural sweeteners found so far. The state has instructed licorice to be a state-level second-class protected plant that does not allow casual excavation. The contradictions of licorice are intensified. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the artificial cultivation and high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques of licorice. 1 Morphological characteristics The height of licorice is 50-120 cm. Thick, cylindrical, red-brown. Rhizomes grow in shape and color similar to roots. Stem erect, pinnate, alternate, 7-17 lobule, ovate or elliptic, butterfly, pale purple, capsule curved, sickle-shaped, exophytic bristles, round seed, brownish-green, thousand-grain weight 7 Grams. Flowering from July to August, fruiting period from August to October. 2 Growth habits Licorice is mainly distributed in China's "Three North" region. Lax soil requirements. Wet and weak alkaline sands, grasslands, sand ridges, river banks, and desert and semi-desert environments. The black land introduced into the grain-producing areas grows strong, showing high yields and high quality. 3 sowing Planting licorice artificially is best carried out by transplanting seedlings, that is, raising the seedlings in the nursery for one year, and then moving the seedlings into the fields for planting in the fall or the spring of the following year. Breeding 667 square meters of seedlings, can transplant 5-7 acres (667 square meters). Transplanting seedlings has a higher rate of first and second finished products than direct seeding in Daejeon. The advantages of harvesting less labor are a new type of high-yielding and high-efficient cultivation techniques. Licorice is a deep-rooted plant. Soil fertility, loose texture, well-drained, organic-rich land should be chosen. Land preparation should be deep-turned 40 cm, while 667 square meters of high-quality agricultural fertilizer 3 cubic meters and 20 kg of phosphate as the base fertilizer. Then it was marked into a 65-cm wide ridge and was suppressed. Spring, summer and autumn sowing seedlings can be three seasons. Spring sowing in the Ching Ming to Gu Yu, summer sowing in the beginning of summer to small full, autumn sowing in the earth before freezing, Qi spring emerged. The sowing method is to use a plough to open a 20-cm wide groove on the ridge surface. After the plough is raked flat, artificially step on the grid, use the point gourd to sow seeds soaked in fungicide evenly on the ridge surface, cover soil about 2 centimeters, Immediately suppress it. Every 667 square meters sowing and 5-8 kg, soil moisture is good for about 10 days out of the whole seedlings. To prevent weeding, spraying trifluralin herbicide on the surface of the ridge before sowing, the dosage of 667 square meters according to the instruction of 1/5 of the dose reduction is appropriate, and should be sowed every 6 days after spraying. 4 Miaotian Management After the licorice seedlings have been unearthed, they should often go to the field to see if they have died. If thiophanate-methyl powder 100 grams per 667 square meters plus 250 grams of urea plus 50 kilograms of water, fully dissolved and sprayed on the leaves of seedlings, can effectively prevent seedling death. If there is a lack of seedlings and ridges, they should be replanted as soon as possible to ensure that the whole field is seedlings. When the licorice grows 4-6 true leaves, the urea is applied in combination with a ridge in the cultivator Shunfeng Ditch, which is 10 kilograms per 667 square meters. In the case of 10 leaves, the temperature rises, the field weeds begin to prosper, and diligence should be diligently diligent. Generally, it is carried out 3 times. When the grass shortage is severe, 150-200 grams per 667 square meters can be sprayed and the net can be effectively eliminated. Undergraduate weeds, remaining broad-leaved weeds can be removed manually. Nursery field seedlings, 667 square meters Paul seedling 100,000 - 120,000. When there are 15 true leaves of licorice, it is possible to have greenworms. For every 667 square meters, 100-200 grams of methamidophos is sprayed on the leaves of the water, and 100 grams of omethoate can be sprayed on the water. When two kinds of insects occur simultaneously, the two agents can be sprayed together. After licorice ridge sealing, it is necessary to pay attention to early removal of large grasses in the field. The rainy season should promptly drain the water from the fields to prevent immersion in the licorice and cause rot. After investigation, wild licorice has diseases such as powdery mildew and rust, and it has not been produced by artificial cultivation for many years. 5 Field transplanting The transplanting in autumn was higher than that of Hunchun. When transplanting, dig out roots and roots above the head to leave 5 cm of scorpion and cross stems, with the digging with the planting, do not cut the seedlings cut stand planting, but also does not allow the root of the reed head of the winter buds and fibrous roots cut off. With a plough to open the ditch 10 cm deep, the licorice root can be planted horizontally, obliquely and flatly. The distance between the plants is 10 cm and the depth of soil is 10 cm. 1.8 to 22,000 plants per 667 square meters are planted, and it is best to pour water once before freezing. Before and after transplanting, a series of field management such as field preparation, fertilization, and pesticide application is the same as the nursery. Autumn planting is carried out after autumn harvest, and it is planted before and after Qingming in spring. 6 Harvest Processing The licorice can be harvested in the fall of the second year after transplanting. Generally, 667 square meters of dried goods are sold at 800-1000 kg. In October, the ploughs are used to collect and remove the soil. The soil roots, lateral roots, and branch forks are bundled into small handles and dried. Sale. It can also be harvested before late spring. 7 Market and Benefits As wild licorice resources have been reduced year by year, artificial planting has just started, and prices have risen frequently. Licorice is one of the ten best-selling natural medicinal plants in the US market. It can be said that licorice is a “green bank†that saves money (less input), saves land (available to use sand and saline land), saves labor (extensive management), and has high efficiency (in short supply). Planting licorice is actually a highly efficient agriculture, such as large-scale farming. Planting and processing of licorice paste, glycyrrhizic acid and other by-products will be even more profitable. 1, pure plant extracts, to avoid allergies, erythema.
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Licorice seedling transplanting technology
Licorice is an important medicinal material. With the strengthening of the national ecological environment protection, the use of wild resources has been very limited. The technology of licorice seedling transplanting has become very important.