Zhongli Limin - Biomass Power Generation Prospects

China is a big country in agriculture and can provide a lot of biomass energy resources. Compared with traditional fossil fuels, biomass energy belongs to clean fuels. After combustion, carbon dioxide emissions belong to the natural carbon cycle and do not form pollution. Therefore, many experts advocate vigorously developing the biomass power generation industry.

Biomass is a traditional renewable resource. Before the industrial revolution, it has been the main source of energy for the development of human society. Due to the appearance of fossils, the current biomass utilization is already very small. With the increasingly prominent problems of resources and the environment, biomass energy utilization has once again become a human choice, but the use of technology will be more advanced and the products generated will be able to replace all modern energy sources such as electricity, oil, and natural gas.

Biomass industry has a bright future

Shi Lishan, deputy director of the New Energy Division of the National Energy Administration, said in an interview recently: “The biomass resources in China are very rich, and there is a lot to do in the development of biomass power generation industry. On the one hand, there are 1.8 billion mu of crops planted in China and the annual production of materials is about 700 million tons, except for some used for papermaking and livestock feed, the remaining part can be used as fuel.On the other hand, China's existing forest area is about 175 million hectares, the forest coverage rate is 18.21%, and it is rejuvenated through normal shrubbery each year. , forest thinning, thinning of fruit trees, harvesting of forest trees, building materials, processing of residues, etc., can provide biomass resources of about 800 million to 1 billion tons. In addition, there are more than 46 million hectares of suitable forest land in China, which can be combined with ecology. The construction of agricultural and planting plants is all advantages of our country's development of the biomass power generation industry."

Zhao Qingbo, director of the Development and Planning Department of the State Grid Corporation of China, believes that the development of biomass power generation is an important way to build a stable, economical, clean and safe energy supply system and to break through the resource and environmental constraints of economic and social development. China's biomass energy resources are very abundant, and the total theoretical energy resources of biomass in the country are close to 1.5 billion tons of standard coal. If, by 2020, the amount of biomass energy developed and used reaches 500 million tons of standard coal, it will increase the supply by more than 15%. And the sulfur content of biomass energy is very low, only 3%, less than 1/4 of coal sulfur content. The development of biomass power generation and the implementation of coal substitution can significantly reduce carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, resulting in huge environmental benefits.

In fact, China’s biomass resources are mainly concentrated in rural areas. Exploiting and using abundant rural biomass resources can alleviate energy use in rural and remote areas, significantly improve rural energy use, improve rural living conditions, and increase farmers’ income. Farmers' employment opportunities open up new areas for agricultural economy and county economy. The comprehensive development and utilization of biomass energy and the formation of a complete industrial chain can strengthen the organization, integration and division of labor among farmers and promote the building of rural grassroots organizations.

High cost is the bottleneck of industrial development

Talking about the status quo of the use of physical energy, Shi Lishan said that the utilization of biomass energy should be taken into account in an integrated manner. In areas where biomass energy is abundant, such as major grain-producing areas, large-scale grain processing companies, forest areas, large-scale wood processing plants, etc., Some local biomass power stations should be built according to local conditions. However, in most of the rural areas where resources are decentralized, it is necessary to solve problems concerning rural energy use, promote the use of biomass pellet fuel technology or biogas technology, and realize the use of decentralized resources to solve the problem of decentralized energy use.

At present, China's biomass power generation industry has just started, mainly by consuming some surplus crop stalks, and exploring a way for agricultural development and increasing farmers' income. From the perspective of the established biomass power plants, the contradictions and problems in resource collection and management have been exposed. The high cost of biomass power generation is due to the fact that biomass resources need to be collected, transported, and stored. Biomass power generation must solve the problem of the combination of the seasonality of agricultural production and the continuity of industrial production.

Director Zhao Qingbo stated that China's agricultural and forestry biomass resources are rich in reserves. However, due to the wide range of comprehensive utilization of biomass resources, it is necessary to objectively evaluate the amount of agricultural and forestry residue resources that can be used for biomass power generation to reduce the planning and construction of biomass power generation projects. risk. Doing a good job in biomass power generation planning is an important prerequisite for promoting the scientific and orderly development of the biomass power generation industry. The preparation of biomass power generation plans must be based on the evaluation of biomass resources. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen management, strictly approve the biomass power generation projects, prevent overheated investment in the biomass power generation industry, avoid disorderly competition, and ensure the healthy development of the biomass power generation industry.

Yang Yongping, vice president of the North China Electric Power University and dean of the Renewable Academy, believes that the biggest difficulty in the development of China's biomass power generation industry is that construction and operating costs are relatively high. It is recommended that the country include biomass power generation as a key support for renewable development special funds. range. Considering the problems of collection and transportation, the capacity of single-unit biomass power generation is relatively small and the cost of resource reserves should be reduced.

Biomass power generation still needs policy support

China's large-scale power generation using agricultural and forestry residues is still in its infancy. Judging from the current situation, biomass power generation projects have high construction costs, large total investment, and high operating costs. Although the country has given preferential pricing policies, it is still not as good as conventional thermal power. The main reasons are: First, the unit cost is high, the current unit cost is 12,000 yuan / kilowatt; Second, the fuel cost is high, the fuel cost in the electricity price cost is about 0.4 yuan / kwh, far higher than the coal-fired power generation; The material power generation project implements the same taxation policy as the traditional power generation industry, and it is difficult for biomass power generation enterprises to offset VAT input. The actual tax rate of the enterprise is about 12%, which is higher than the actual tax rate of conventional thermal power 6% to 8%.

President Yang Yongping summed up the constraints of China's scientific research institutions and the business community on China's biomass power generation. He believes there are three main points: First, the biomass power generation industry is in its infancy, and related policies are not perfect; second, current biomass power generation It has not yet formed a large scale and the cost remains high. Third, the shortage of professional and technical talents in a short period of time.

Zhao Qingbo said: “The Interim Measures for the Management of Special Funds for Renewable Development, issued by the Ministry of Finance, stipulates that the promotion and application of power generation, such as wind power, solar energy, and ocean energy, will not include biomass power generation. It is recommended that the country generate electricity from biomass. Inclusion in the key support areas for special funds for renewable development."

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