For the prevention and control of pests and diseases of medicinal flowers, we must first understand the causes of the disease and the types of diseases and pests, grasp the law of occurrence and development of pests and diseases, implement the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and controlâ€; secondly, we must consider comprehensively, seek profits and avoid harm, and we must Improve the yield and quality of medicinal flowers, but also reduce environmental pollution. In particular, it must prevent toxic residues from harming the body. After mastering these principles, the following control methods can be applied: 1. Plant quarantine is a method for preventing and treating medicinal plants and insect pests and diseases according to a series of quarantine regulations and measures formulated by the State to prevent the introduction of new dangerous pests and diseases in other countries or other affected areas, and to limit the spread of local pests and diseases. Therefore, the introduction of medicinal flowers and the transfer of seedlings must strictly comply with the quarantine procedures. 2. Agricultural control is a method of comprehensively using cultivation management techniques to control and eliminate pests and diseases. It is called agricultural control law. The following methods are commonly used: (1) Breeding of medicinal plants of different varieties resistant to pests and cultivars differs greatly in resistance to diseases and insect pests. Therefore, breeding high-quality, high-yield varieties of medicinal flowers that are disease resistant is a cost-effective measure for pest control. If there is thorn safflower than thornless safflower anthrax. In the same species, it is also necessary to select a single plant that is resistant to pests. In addition, we must use disease-free or less diseased species to reduce the source of the disease. (2) Reasonable rotations Different medicinal flowers have different pests and diseases, and various pests have certain parasitic range. Therefore, different medicinal flowers or crops are often rotated in a region or a piece of land, so that those pests that are unsuitable for the new environment and food are gradually reduced and naturally disappeared; pests and diseases caused by the soil and those mono- and polyphagous diseases Pests can also receive good results. At the same time, crop rotation can also improve the soil and promote the growth and development of medicinal flowers. The resistance of pests and diseases, such as the general rot disease of medicinal flowers and gramineous plants for rotation more than 4 years, can reduce the incidence of root rot and white peony disease. (3) Adjusting the sowing date Some pests and diseases often have a close relationship with the phenological period of a growth and development stage of medicinal flowers. If you try to prevent this stage of growth and development from the danger of a large number of diseases and insect pests infestation, you can reduce or reduce the hazards of pests, such as the early stage of safflower suitable for sowing, can avoid the hazards of anthrax and drosophila fruit flies; Appropriate late sowing can reduce the occurrence of smut, and summer weeding can avoid the harm of pests in spring seedling stage. Therefore, adjusting the sowing time is an effective means to avoid diseases and pests. (4) Deep cultivating and cultivating can promote the development of roots of medicinal flowers, enhance the ability of sucking fertilizer, make it grow robust, and also play a direct role in the killing of pests. (5) Cleaning the residues of pests and diseases in the pasture field and the dry branches, leaves, weeds, etc. in the field are often hidden and overwintering sites and become the source of diseases and pests in the coming year. Therefore, the diseased leaves are collected and burned, and the clean garden can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. (6) Strengthen field management, including reasonable fertilization, timely irrigation and drainage, and cultivating and weeding, and other technical measures. Through precise field management, the pest control effect can be achieved. 3. Biological control The application of certain beneficial organisms in nature to eliminate or suppress certain pests is called biological control. At present, biological control mainly uses insects to treat insects, bacteria to treat insects, bacteria to treat diseases, and birds to treat insects. Such as the use of foot worms, lice, ladybugs, oystercatchers, food rospids and other predatory beneficial insects to control locusts, etc.; use of beetles, Trichogramma and other control of cabbage caterpillars; the use of Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus, acaricidal bacteria, etc. Parasitic bacteria and fungi control various insect pests such as Pieris rapae, carnivora, cockroach, beetle, ground tiger, etc.; use of chloramphenicol, “5406â€, endotherapy and other antibiotics to prevent and control rhizopus and anthrax. Biological control is an important aspect of comprehensive prevention and control. It has the advantages of being harmless to humans, animals and plants, safe to use, no residual poison, no environmental pollution, long-lasting effect, and preventativeness. It has broad prospects for development. 4. Physical and mechanical control The method of destroying pests and diseases by using physical machinery such as temperature, light, and instruments according to the living habits of pests and diseases and the occurrence and occurrence of diseases and pests is called physical and mechanical control. If the activity is not strong, the harm is concentrated, or there is a pseudo-dead animal pest, the artificial killing is carried out; for the lepidopteran lepidoptera and some underground pests, etc., the moth trap lamp or the black light lamp is used for trapping; the high temperature and low temperature method is used to prevent the warehouse Pests. According to the weight of seeds and insect pests is lighter than that of healthy seeds, windy and water-selected seeds can be used to eliminate pests. In recent years, new physical technologies such as ultrasound and radiation have also been used to directly kill germs and pests. 5. Chemical control The application of chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases is called chemical control. It has the advantages of quick action, good effect, easy use, and can eliminate or control a large number of diseases and insect pests in a short period of time. It is characterized by relatively limited regional and seasonal conditions and is a commonly used method to control pests and diseases at present. However, there are also major shortcomings. For example, if pesticides are used for a long time, the pathogenic organisms are liable to produce drug resistance and harm some beneficial organisms at the same time, which is not conducive to biological control. In addition, there are disadvantages such as pesticide residues, environmental pollution, and the quality of medicinal flowers. At present, the common chemical pesticides can be divided into two major categories of insecticides and fungicides according to their poisonous effects on pests and insects, in addition to herbicides. Insecticides, depending on their nature and the way they enter the insect pests, can be classified as stomach poisons (such as lead citrate, trichlorfon, etc.), touch killers (such as pyrethrum), and internal absorbents (such as dimethoate, 1059). ", "1605", etc.) Fumigants (dichlorvos, chloropicrin, etc.) Most of the currently used fungicides are protective agents (such as Bordeaux mixture, zesin, etc.) Protectants need to be applied before the onset of medicinal flowers. Each time after the drug efficacy period is repeated, the bactericidal agents include therapeutic agents (such as lime sulfur, thibetam etc.) and internal absorbents (such as enemy sodium, enemy cough, antibiotics, etc.). When the above-mentioned medicaments are used, pests may be controlled by spraying, dusting, fumigation, seed dressing, soaking, painting, soil treatment, and production of poison valleys, baits, and toxic soils. Chemical agents should be used to pay attention to: understand the drug, the right medicine, seize the opportunity, timely spraying, master the technology, ensure efficacy, pay attention to safety, to avoid injury and human and animal poisoning. In recent years, with the development of atomic physics, we have begun to use ionizing radiation to directly kill pests. In addition, lasers can also be used to control pests.
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