The traditional Chinese concept holds that fat babies are blessed, but in fact children are obese and prone to diseases. According to statistics, the proportion of overweight babies in China has exceeded 10%, and the incidence in big cities is even less optimistic. "Small meatball" is not healthy, fat is easy to get sick According to statistics, the obese baby's chance of becoming obese after being obese for 6 months is about 14%, and the obese children aged 7 years have a 41% chance of becoming obese. The obese children aged 10 to 13 years old have a 70% chance of becoming obese. Experts pointed out that there are three high incidences of obesity in children, and from 30 weeks of gestation to the first year of birth, baby's fat cells are the most sensitive. At this time, obesity can lead to difficult control of weight, easy rebound, and prone to multiple diseases. Experts suggest that prevention of obesity may start from birth, as long as possible within half a year of exclusive breastfeeding, the correct drinking water; fat baby late to add fruit; less than one year old, use less broth bone soup porridge boiled noodles, potatoes, sweet potatoes should be used with vegetables eat. The first is the genetic factor Research shows that if one parent is obese, 32% to 34% of children are likely to be obese. If both parents are obese, the incidence of child obesity increases to 50% to 60%. Followed by the influence of living environment Children have little activity space, too little exercise, and the rate of energy consumption is not as fast as the rate of nutrient intake, leading to fat accumulation. Again, diet and feeding factors Parents lack knowledge of nutrition and will not choose foods. They will pay more attention to the intake of meat, oil, and other foods, and despise fruits and vegetables, causing children to eat too many high-fat foods. Some of them prematurely added starchy foods to their children. For example, some babies start drinking rice soup and rice cereal once a month or two, leading to overfeeding. Eating too fast can also cause obesity. In addition, some diseases and the treatment process can also cause babies to become obese. Long-term corticosteroids and pituitary tumors in children with kidney disease can also lead to obesity. "Meat group" is more susceptible to illness, and it is necessary to grasp three "critical periods" to prevent childhood obesity. The old people in China tend to chant “The child is well-fed and not easy to get sick.†The actual situation is the opposite. Obesity is the main cause of the metabolic syndrome. Obesity during infancy tends to cause hypertension after adulthood, high incidence of cardiovascular disease, gout, and diabetes. At the same time, obesity can cause many diseases, such as obese babies under 1 year of age, are prone to respiratory infections, skeletal deformities in the legs, fatty liver, and sexual development abnormalities. In addition, children who are young and obese often do not like to move, even if they exercise, because they are clumsy and unwilling to participate in collective outdoor activities. They are more humble and lonely. So, how to prevent babies from becoming obese children? 1. Promote breastfeeding. Pure breastfeeding within 6 months after birth is one of the most effective measures to prevent baby obesity. The proportion of non-breast-feeding infants with obesity is 24.6%, because artificially-fed infants are more prone to overfeeding. 2. Regular feeding, individualized milk, no forced feeding. Baby formula-fed babies should have a fixed feeding time, preferably every 3 to 4 hours; the amount of milk is based on the baby's own drink. 3. Drink water correctly. Children who are breastfed with formula milk must be given water between the two milks, so that parents will not let the baby eat too much because they mistakenly signal “thirsty†as “hungryâ€. For exclusively breastfed babies, if you have reached the stage of adding supplementary food or when the weather is dry, you should pay attention to training the baby to drink boiled water. Some mothers like to feed fruit juice and sugar water to children who are only a couple of months old. This is wrong. The baby naturally likes sweetness. Once he is used to drinking sugar water, he does not like to drink boiled water. Moreover, this method can easily bring in extra calories and make the baby gain weight faster. 4. Control the number of night feedings. Generally speaking, 3 to 8 month old babies are enough to feed 1 or 2 times at night. After 8 months, it is sufficient to add one time before going to bed. Normally, no extra food is needed at night. 5. Scientifically add food supplements. Do not add supplementary foods such as rice noodles to your milk prematurely. For babies older than six months, the combination of rice cereal and egg yolk or puree can be used alone as a “dinnerâ€, which is very important for the cultivation of eating habits. Parents must arrange three meals properly One year old or older: Use less bone soup to cook porridge For babies over 1 year old, pay attention to 5 principles: 1, reasonable arrangements for three meals Meat is best concentrated in lunch, should choose chicken breast, lean pork, fish and other high-protein low-fat foods; and the best dinner with fungus, tender mushrooms, green leafy vegetables, tofu, etc. mainly. Some parents are accustomed to porridge or cooking noodles for their babies with bone soup and broth. This is not a good practice. Since the fat in the soup is often excessive, it is recommended that it be used 1 or 2 times a week. Before cooking, white oil floating on the surface should be removed. 2, to avoid starchy food supplement, moderate to eat coarse grains Potatoes, sweet potatoes, yams, and other foods, although nutrient-rich but contain a lot of starch, therefore, as little as possible to eat fat baby, and it is best to use green leafy vegetables, rather than eating with a lot of meat. 3, control the fruit The sugar in the fruit is an accomplice of weight. If the baby eats well, half an apple a day will be enough. If it is grapes, lychee and other high-sweetness fruits, not to mention too much. 4. Don't reward kids with high-calorie foods like candy and chips Because the child is often exposed to "sweetness, snacks," the stimulation of a good performance, he will be misled to think that eating these things is good, so as to strengthen his desire for such food, it is more difficult to manage his mouth. 5, parent-child sports slimming more effective Parents should not be lazy and try to accompany children as much as possible, such as baby swimming, parent-child games, and mother-child gymnastics. Sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation automatic control equipment With the development of economy, water resources, energy shortage and labor cost increase, more and more water-saving irrigation systems will adopt automatic control. This article focuses on the advantages and classification of automated irrigation. 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The advantages are as follows:
(1) It is possible to truly control the amount of irrigation, irrigation time and irrigation cycle in a timely and appropriate manner, thereby increasing crop yield and significantly improving water utilization.
(2) Saving labor and operating expenses.
(3) The work plan can be arranged conveniently and flexibly, and the management personnel do not have to go to the field at night or other inconvenient time.
(4) Since it can increase the effective working time every day, the initial capital investment in pipelines, pumping stations, etc. can be reduced accordingly.
classification:
First, fully automated irrigation system
The fully automated irrigation system does not require direct human involvement. The pre-programmed control procedures and certain parameters that reflect the water requirements of the crop can automatically open and close the pump for a long time and automatically irrigate in a certain order. The role of the person is simply to adjust the control program and overhaul the control equipment. In this system, in addition to emitters (heads, drip heads, etc.), pipes, fittings, pumps, and motors, it also includes central controllers, automatic valves, sensors (soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, water level sensors, and rain sensors). Etc.) and wires.
Second, semi-automatic irrigation system
In the semi-automated irrigation system, no sensors are installed in the field. The irrigation time, irrigation volume and irrigation period are controlled according to pre-programmed procedures, rather than feedback based on crop and soil moisture and meteorological conditions. The degree of automation of such systems is very different. For example, some pump stations implement automatic control, and some pump stations use manual control. Some central controllers are only one timer with simple programming function, and some systems have no central control. The controller, but only some of the sequential switching valves or volume valves are installed on each branch pipe.
Automated irrigation is the trend of the times. In the future water-saving irrigation projects, more and more automated irrigation systems will be applied.