Cultivation of straw mushrooms in wheat straw in summer

Every year from June to August, due to the high temperature and rain, many solar greenhouses or winter greenhouses are basically idle. In order to improve its utilization, wheat straw can be used to cultivate two birds with one stone. The cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:

First, suitable temperature. The optimum temperature range for the growth of the mycelium of straw mushroom is 15°C-40°C, the most suitable temperature is 30°C-35°C, the temperature range for fruit body growth is 26°C-34°C, and the most suitable temperature is 28°C-30°C.

Second, strain selection. The standard is high yield, high quality, and strong resistance to stress. At present, V23, VB1, V-35, 1318, and white straw mushrooms are mainly used.

Third, culture material processing.

1, culture material processing. Dry wheat straw with no mildew should be selected and exposed for 2 to 3 days before production until it is completely dry. Before the cultivation, dig a pond near the greenhouse, and mix it with 100 kg of wheat straw and 10 kg of lime. Mix well and put it in the pool. The water should drown the cultivation material. When paving the grass, it should be compacted. After the pool is covered, the wheat straw is pressed with heavy objects such as stones to fill the pool. The upper part is covered with plastic film, after being thoroughly soaked for 24 to 36 hours, remove and drain to clear water, spray 50% carbendazim WP with 0.1% to 0.2% of total dry matter, and 0.1% of 80. % Dichlorvos aqueous solution.

2, culture material fermentation. The above-mentioned processed wheat straw is fished out into a mortar, which is 1.5 meters in height and 1.5 meters in width, and the length is not limited. After being piled up, covered with plastic film, heat preservation moisture, in order to facilitate fermentation. When the central temperature of the wheat straw pile rises to about 60°C, it is kept for 24 hours. Then it is turned and the outside wheat straw is turned into the core. The wheat grass inside is turned to the outside so that the wheat straw can be evenly fermented. When the temperature of the center has risen to 60°C after turning, it is maintained for another 24 hours, and the fermentation is repeated 3 to 4 times. The fermentation time is generally about 10 days. After the end of the fermentation, the quality of the fermented wheat straw should be checked. The standard of high-quality fermented wheat straw is soft texture, it is broken and broken, the surface is dewaxed, the hand holds a sense of elasticity, golden yellow, there is wheat straw smell and a small amount of white hyphae.

Fourth, cultivation methods.

1, cover soil cultivation. The soil used for the cover requires fertile, loose, and good water retention. The formula for self-contained nutritious soil is: high-quality vegetable garden soil or 15 cm or less soil surface. After shattering, add 4 kg grass ash, 0.5 kg urea, 1 kg phosphate fertilizer and 2 kg lime per 110 kg soil. When sowing, the cultivated strains should be diced into small pieces of 1 to 2 cm squares, and the hole spacing should be 8 to 10 cm. ~15 grams, then cover the earth with the earth. The soaked good culture material is paved into a turtle-back shape in the palate and can also be paved into a wavy shape with a material ridge thickness of 15 cm, material thickness of 5 to 8 cm on both sides, and material consumption of 15 to 20 kg/m2. Do not use clay and sand, do not over-dry and wet, cover the soil with hands, and use sandy loam that is scattered. The thickness of the cover soil is: the material ridge thickness is 1 cm, the material groove is 3 to 5 cm thick, and then use a diameter of 2 cm to disperse poisonous wooden rods to drill and vent holes. The eye spacing is 10 cm, and the depth of drilling is appropriate to open the material pile.

2, temperature and humidity control. 3 to 4 days after sowing, the main insulation is used. With the increase of material temperature, especially when the material temperature is higher than 40°C, it is necessary to remove the film and lower the temperature so that the material temperature is controlled at 35°C-38°C, and the temperature is controlled at 30°C-32°C. When the fruit body is formed and the mushroom body is developed, the material temperature is maintained at 30°C-35°C, and the temperature is maintained at 28°C-32°C. After 3 to 4 days after sowing, mycelium is basically full. If the air humidity in the ventilation booth is insufficient, 2% lime water may be sprayed once. The method is: the spray head is upward, so that the mist drops naturally, and the spray water temperature must be consistent with or slightly higher than the shelf temperature. The relative humidity of the air during the fruiting period requires more than 90%. Spray lightly, but do not spray water directly on the material. In particular, do not spray water on mushroom buds. In general, irrigation and water spray are combined. Before sowing, the boring machine shall be soaked with water. The mulch film on the ridges after sowing should not be uncovered in the first few days in order to maintain the moisture content of the culture material at 65% to 70% and the relative humidity of the air should be controlled at 85% to 90%. When the humidity is not enough, the ditch can be filled with water or sprayed. When watering, be careful not to wet the blocks.

3, ventilation. In greenhouse cultivation, attention should be paid to ventilation. Generally, moderate convection of air is preferable. Ventilation during the fruiting period must be combined with water spray. The specific approach is during the growth of mycelium, at noon every day to open a small part of the film on the ridge, open the mushroom shed ventilation 15 to 20 minutes. After the mycelium is covered with mash, the mulch is removed. During the mushrooming period, spray to the ground and space before ventilation, and then ventilate for about 20 minutes, 2 or 3 times a day. It is better to use scattered light for lighting. The light should be weak at the beginning of germination, and 4 to 5 days after planting, until the end of the mushrooming, and the light should be properly strengthened. It is not suitable for direct sunlight.

Fifth, appropriate harvesting. Usually 10 to 12 days after sowing, straw mushroom from the base wide, the top slightly sharper pagoda shape into oval, mushroom body full and smooth, hand slightly softened, the color from deep to shallow, the capsule is not broken, Cap The best harvest is when the stipe is not extended.

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