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Spring fertilization should be coordinated with various agricultural measures
Farmers in our country have a fine tradition of “seeing the heavens, seeing the land, and looking at the crops.†Farmers and agro-service workers everywhere should combine the actual conditions in spring crop fertilization to do the following: Spring and spring wheat and other spring sowing crops and nursery fruit trees and vegetables are mainly used in combination with soil preparation or seed fertilizer. Followed by winter wheat, winter canola and other overwintering crops and transplanting consequences trees and greenhouse vegetables and other spring-grown crops, need timely and appropriate fertilizer. As the basic characteristics of the country’s climate change are the low temperatures in early spring and the warming of the weather, fertilization should be done without errors. In particular, for early crops such as spring wheat and potatoes sown in the cold regions of the northeast, north and northwest, the organic fertilizers must be fully decomposed, and it is best to combine the soil preparations after the autumn harvest in the previous year; the topdressing fertilizers should preferably be ammonium and nitrate. Nitrogen fertilizer is faster than urea because it has higher fertilizer efficiency; it requires high quality, safety, and appropriate amount of seed fertilizer, and it is applied simultaneously with the seed, but it must be applied in a misaligned manner, that is, do not directly contact the fertilizer with the seed, otherwise it is easy to burn or reduce the potato crop product quality. In accordance with local conditions, China has a vast area and the agricultural conditions vary greatly. The sowing and fertilization in the northeast and northwest areas must be combined with measures such as cold-resisting and drought-resistance. When the temperature and soil moisture conditions are appropriate, it must be timely fertilized and sown, and the soil should be timely covered after fertilization; For rice, waxy wheat and rapeseed, fertilization should be combined with excavation of “three channels†to prevent flooding, increase soil temperature and improve soil ventilation conditions. The Huang-Huai-Hai region was affected by rain and snow last spring, and the soil moisture content was not the same. We must treat them differently. For the general wheat field, it should be combined with watering and topdressing the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the jointing stage of the beginning, generally 10~15 kg of urea per mu, and the amount of urea 3~5 kg can be applied as appropriate when heading, or foliar fertilizer can be sprayed; Better wheat fields, can be applied to the appropriate amount of nitrogen in the ditch return irrigation without irrigation, the general mu application of ammonium sulfate 10 ~ 15 kg, or urea 5 ~ 10 kg, after starting jointing and appropriate top dressing 1; good soil moisture, fertility Higher Wangwangmiao field with larger plant population can be fertilized after jointing, and the amount of fertilizer should be appropriately reduced. Appropriate fertilization Appropriate fertilization mainly refers to the appropriate amount of nutrients, appropriate ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and proper proportion of base dressing. Taking food crops as an example, the total amount of nutrients per acre is currently 8 to 15 kg of nitrogen, rarely exceeding 17 kg; the amount of phosphorus applied is about half or even less than the amount of nitrogen applied, except for overwintering crops; The quantity is mostly between the amount of nitrogen applied and the amount of phosphorus applied, depending on the soil conditions, in which the southern part of the acidic soil has a higher fertilization amount and the northern calcareous soil has a lower rate, and even can be used for short-term fertilization. The proportion of base-up fertilizer is that all organic fertilizers, all or most of the phosphate fertilizers, all or part of potassium fertilizers, and about half of the nitrogen fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, and the remaining fertilizers are used as seed fertilizers or top dressings; top dressings are applied once or in divided portions. Many farmers are accustomed to using nitrogen as the base fertilizer or top-dressing, or even a one-time base application. This can easily lead to prolonged appetite, and later defertilization and production reduction should be corrected. If one-time fertilization is to be applied, apply deeper layers of soil to the soil at the time of sowing. Comprehensive management to do a good job of spring fertilization must be closely coordinated with a variety of agricultural measures. For example, the use of base fertilizer should be combined with improvement of soil preparation and sowing quality. Top dressing should be closely coordinated with reasonable irrigation and tillage and weed control, especially for greenhouse vegetables harvested from eggplants and melons, etc., must be integrated with water and fertilizer management. Times. For greenhouse vegetables, we must also pay attention to moderate and gradual unveiling of greenhouses in early spring, and strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases; fruit tree top dressing should be combined with preserved fruits and proper sparse fruiting and fruit thinning techniques, and prevent the excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizer and lead to the growth of spring shooters. .