Cultivation of yellow and muddy techniques in aquatic crop fields

First, Putian mixed-breeding loach

Putian mixed astragalus and loach can not only increase the income, but also improve the ecological environment of the field, extend the length of the planting of the field, improve the quality of the plant, and reduce the risk of pests and diseases.

1, Putian construction. Select fields with sufficient water, original pollution, convenient drainage and irrigation, loose soil, and preserved species. The construction of Sakata began in February. The field was excavated around 1-2 meters wide and deep. 4 - 0.5m fence ditch; pit pool around the ditch and four corners, each pit area of ​​about 10 square meters, the pit depth of 0.8 meters, the bottom of the shop spread 0.3 meters thick fertilizer field mud; Tanaka Several vertical and horizontal trenches were excavated, 0.5 meters wide and 0.4 meters deep. They were in the shape of “well” and communicated with the ditch and pit. The area of ​​the ditch and pit accounted for 15%-20% of the area of ​​the paddy field. In the pit, a number of pipes, bamboo tubes, brick gaps, etc. are set as fish nests; the walls of the fields are made of bricks to prevent the cockroaches from escaping.

Prior to the sprouting of the rice bran, 70 kg of fresh lime were used to clear the field. Before 10 days of stocking, 250-300 kilograms of poultry manure per acre is applied in the ditch and pit, and water injection is 30 cm deep to breed large plankton, which can be used for feeding and feeding.

2, 鳝鳅 stocking. 30-60 grams/tail is suitable for the quail species. When the water temperature is higher than 15°C from the beginning of April to the end of May, choose sunny day and put it into the pit pond of Putian, and stock 0.4-0.5 kg per square meter. Disinfect with 4% salt water before dosing. The mud loach specifications are suitable for 60-80 tails/kg, and the amount of loach is about 40% of the loquat species.

3, feed feeding. Set up a table at the pit and feed it in the evening. When the temperature and pressure are low, cast less, when the weather is fine, and when the temperature is high, cast more. It is advisable to leave no residual food on the next morning. The source of feed mainly depends on self-cultivation, and the amount of feed is 4-6% of the body weight of jaundice. When feeding, the pupa burns slightly to overheat the straw to increase the appetite of the jaundice. When the pupa is in short supply, it can feed quail, maggots, snail meat, small trash fish and shrimp, etc., supplemented with rice, noodles, melon peel and other plant feeds. In the evening of May-October, several 3 to 8 watt energy-saving black light lamps were hung over the ditch and pit to trap insects for the yellow toads. Loach mainly ingested jaundice residual feed, feces and natural feed in the field.

4, daily management. Every morning and evening, one round of field inspections was conducted to observe the growth of the crickets and crickets. In the adjustment of the water level, the emphasis is on the growth needs of earthworms, and timely drainage on rainy days; waterproof snakes, voles, poultry, etc. enter Putian. Timely removal of excessive floating leaves and senescent early leaves kept air and light in Putian. Abnormalities were immediately taken and effective measures were taken. It is best to keep the micro-flowing water throughout the breeding process. The flow rate is about 0.8 cubic meters/second. If the flow rate is too high, it will cause the yellow toad to swim against the water and consume physical strength. Change the water once every two months in summer, generally choose to change the water in the sunny afternoon, the difference between the inlet water temperature and the water temperature of Putian should not exceed 2 °C. If the water quality is too high, it can be spilled into alum solution. In summer, water plants such as water hyacinths are stored in the trenches in the trenches to lower the water temperature. Water plants were soaked with 100 mg/L potassium permanganate solution for half an hour before disinfestation.

5. Disease prevention and treatment. Because of the small stocking densities, the breeding grounds of Putian were low, and the incidence of cockroaches was low. The following disease prevention measures can be taken: (1) Partial breeding in Putian, using its secreted antimony antibacterial, to achieve the purpose of preventing disease. (2) The paddy fields with more leeches are controlled by limewater splashing and pig blood trapping. (3) Ensure that the feed is clean and fresh, and regularly add Baoganing, Ligu San, and garlic to the feed to enhance the disease resistance of the Astragalus.

Second, the white muddy field

Pak Tin sets up mud loach, and generally can harvest 150-200 kilograms of mud per acre and 800 kilograms of Lingbai. The economic benefits are considerable.

1, field selection. Choose a land with sufficient water supply, good water quality and convenient drainage and irrigation. An area of ​​1-2 mu is appropriate, sandy soil is better for the bottom.

2, field trimming. Including the construction of trenches, armpits and ridges. The trench is excavated into a “field” shape or “mesh” shape, with a groove width of 40 cm and a depth of 50 cm. The armpits are located at the corners or diagonals of the field, 1-2 m wide and 50-60 cm deep. Connected with the trench. The area of ​​trenches and armpits accounts for 3% to 6% of the total area of ​​the plots. Raise the field ridges so that the ridges are 60 centimeters higher than the field boards, and the ridges are 30 centimeters wide. The Tianchao slope covers the mulch to prevent cracks and landslides. Tian Yan surrounded by a film wall, a height of 60-80 cm. The water inlet and outlet are diagonally arranged, the water outlet pipe is tied with a 40-mesh sieve filter bag, and the drain outlet is installed with a bar made of wire mesh.

3, white transplant. White Dodge continuum, the general 3-4 year rotation once. Rotation plots can be transplanted during the delivery period in March of spring and autumn. The new seedlings need to have slightly old roots. The row spacing is 0.5 meters, and the shallow rows are kept at a water level of 10-15 centimeters.

4, disinfection and fertilization. About 10 days before stocking, seedlings should be given 15 to 20 kg of lime or 1 to 2.5 kg of bleaching powder per acre, and should be sprayed evenly after being mixed with water. Before the flooding of Pakita, about 600 kg of livestock manure such as pigs and cattle were fermented per acre, of which 250 kg were evenly applied to the sulcus, and the remaining ones were applied to the fields and deeply ploughed into the soil.

5, seedling stocking. Put pro-reproductive breeding, stocking 10-15 kilograms per acre, male to female ratio of 1:1.5, after the survival of the turtle white grafted stocking. For stocking seedlings, it is better to put summer flowers of more than 3 cm, stocking 8000-10,000 pigs per acre, and after all the fertilizers to be applied are precipitated (usually 10 days after transplanting), they can be released first. - Test the water at the end of 30 days and put the seedlings after determining the water quality. Disinfect the carcasses before stocking, soak them with 1.5 mg/L bleach solution, dip for 15-20 minutes at a water temperature of 10-15°C, or dip with 2.5% saline for 30 minutes.

6, feeding and management. (1) Fertilization: The fermented livestock and poultry manure etc. can be applied regularly in the trenches and axillary fossa, and fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can also be applied. The transparency of field water is controlled at 15-20 cm, and the water color is yellow-green. (2) Feeding: Loach recipes are very wide. They like to eat the internal organs of poultry, pig blood, fish meal and rice bran, bran, bean curd residue and artificial compound feed. When the water temperature is 20-23 °C, animal and plant feed should each account for 50%, when the water temperature is 24-28 °C, animal feed should account for 70%. Every day from 7 to 10 o'clock in the morning and from 4 to 6 o'clock in the afternoon, the daily feeding amount is 3% to 5% of the loach's weight.

7, daily management. (1) Water quality regulation: In the early stage of transplanting and muddy stocking, the water level is maintained at 10-15 cm. With the long-term growth, the fish species grow up and gradually increase the water level to about 20 cm. When Putian drainage, it should not be too hurried too fast; summer hot season should be appropriate to increase the water level or change the water temperature. (2) Inspecting the fields: Insist on daily field inspections and do a good job of preventing escape and preventing enemy enemies. (3) Prudent use of pesticides: Prevention and treatment of white pests and diseases should try to use high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides, and strictly control the amount of safety. The major diseases and pests of Pangbai are the long green planthoppers and rust. Anti-medicine long-term green fly cricket can choose to use bufalin, aktai, imidacloprid, etc.; sulfur can be used to prevent rust. The water level should be increased by 10 cm before spraying. When spraying, the sprayer's nozzle should face upwards. Spray the medicine on the loquat leaf as far as possible.

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